[Music] so in the last video we just quickly understood that there are four Vedas what we will do now is we will spend a little more time and try to see what these are not in a very detailed fashion but we'll do a quick introduction Vedas actually existed for a long time historicity of Vedas people have not been able to establish although some of the researchers have taken it to 5000 years back and so on or eight thousand years back and so on but since they existed for a long time there was a need to organize them very systematically that need was felt so that the society can put it to a certain kind of a use so all these were thought about and krishnaipayana was also known as vyasa what he did was he did this important task of you know collecting all of them and putting it into certain sort of compartments if I may say and he appointed four disciples to propagate it down the generations and that's how the four Vedas came so let us very quickly know a couple of things about each of them rigveda is represents the earliest Sacred Book of India oldest and biggest amongst all four Vedas ten thousand seven hundred mantras are there in rigveda samhita and these are nothing but the utterances of The Vedic sages on variety of topics in the form of poetry just now I in the previous video I recited a mantra which is actually about origin of the universe so a lot of different topics in which they have thought through and then you know contemplated and recorded all of them and as I already showed you in the we saw earlier the rigveda priest is known as hota or hothra who employs the mantras to sing the praise of the devatha invoked you know in that egnya the rigveda people sing heims in price of the devata the devata is invoked actually does the they know the know-how they are entitled to do actual yagna then the samaveda take some of the rigveda mantras and beautifully sing a song you know even today when we invite somebody for a dinner or some socialization maybe it when we are having a desert there is an you know nice music we play at the background so it is something like that so the same way things actually you know play a sing in Praise by nice songs and so on so we will see all of them so rigveda priest is that's what it is and as I told you Veda has discussed a variety of topics origin of universe marriage nature and its importance so many of them in another video we will see a little more details of what kind of issues so I am not really getting into the details now we will see it in some detail ah also how the rigmata is organized that also we will see a little later I am only quickly introducing to you what it has in a couple of sentences and so on ah then comes the second one and ajure Veda the the word is derived from the root Edge Edge means to worship with sacrifice to perform a sacrifice from that only the word you know Edge has come all mantras in Azure Veda are called yajus all mantras in rigveda is called Ricks so you know that's how it is and as I told you edurveda confines itself to the major issue of conducting the sacrifices they are the ones who will do therefore has details on various ignas that are to be performed and what is different from rigveda is rigveda is in Poetic form they are all in you know meters two line four line like that whereas is in a prose form it is in paragraphs that is the difference because these are all instructions and so on so typically they are all written in you know certain paragraphs and so on and as I told you either way the priest is called advar you and he is in charge of the performance of the sacrifices as he showed you he may have three more assistants to help him with the act of doing the sacrifice and so on and uhurveda has two major branches one branch is called Krishna ajureda Krishna means black and another is called Shukla Veda Shukla means white this black white is called black and white there are some stories let us not you know worry too much about that the fact is there is a Krishna edurveda and a Shukla and the Krishna portion is a mixture of prose and poetry on the other hand if you take the Shukla juveda it's entirely in poetry so the Shukla Veda is similar to rigveda because everything is in Poetic form ok and as I already told you the major topic naturveda is sacrifice of course there are very Veda has many other topics because it is an opportunity to share the knowledge that was the idea of all these Vedas so therefore the other topics discussed in Azure Veda includes human anatomy ah metals constellation Seasons numbers geometry you know grains yogic inside so like this these kinds of issues are also found in ajurveda the third Veda is samaveda and again this word samaveda Sama Veda is derived from the Sanskrit root Sama Sama means to please pacify or satisfy so basically that is the job they will beautifully sing a song which are there in Veda and price of certain devatas they will sing it so that they can you know satisfy and please the gods that is the role that they are supposed to play and the same way the priest is called and he sings all these mantras once the offering is made by the Azure so look at the structure now the rigveda people bring the devata people offer the make the offering and the same way the people sing in price of the devata and please them so that is how this is exactly what we do if you want a promotion also in today's life you know we want our bars and then we want to be nice to the bars we tell you are good and all that you get your promotion so if you want some material riches looks like there is a way by which we need to do things so we see a very similar kind of a pattern there and the rigveda mantras are set to music ah because it is for singing if you if you actually listen to somewhere the music it's so good actually the mantras are related to musical scales similar to the seven scales of classical music which we have now so in some sense one can say the origin of Indian classical music actually lies in samaveda so that's what we see in samaveda so thousand branches existed in samaveda which merely indicates how versatile these singing of the mantras has been that's why you have thousand branches but unfortunately almost all of them are extinct now I think there are only three remaining now even three are endangered species actually now there are two parts some other can be broadly looked at two parts the first part is called purva chikam and the second part is called uttarachikam and in terms of how many mantras I think there are varied numbers not exactly known people count anywhere between thousand five fifty two thousand nine fifty kind of mantras I also don't know exactly how many because different sources are saying different things but one thing that we can say is except for a very few set of mantras I think some 75 or so the rest are all borrowed from rigveda it borrows the heims and sings them that's that's something which we are aware of then the last Veda is atharva Veda see if you read the Indian scriptures and some of these old scriptures they will say three or three Veda earlier it was just three parts and I think it was vyasa who felt maybe we can call out a certain set of portion and make the first fourth part of it therefore Veda is in some sense believed to be a later rather than saying addition maybe part of it is addition part of it is reclassification of the original set from the other three Vedas that's how we can take it and Veda priest is known as Brahma whose main job is the overall coordination and monitoring of the entire Vedic ritual which I already talked about earlier and one sixth of the mantras in atarwaveda are taken from rigveda so rigveda is the primordial Source in some ways even ajured also has taken some mantras from rigveda and Veda in all has about 60077 mantras which are organized under 736 suktas that's how they are all organized so this is how is the quick understanding of The Vedas which are divided into four major portions but each Veda is also divided that we will see in a later video [Music] foreign