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AP Human Geography Quick Review Guide

May 4, 2025

AP Human Geography Review

Welcome to the Mr. Sin channel's comprehensive review of AP Human Geography. This lecture is a fast-paced summary of all seven units, intended as a quick review before the AP test or final exam. For in-depth understanding, refer to topic review videos and the Ultimate Review Packet.

Resources

  • Ultimate Review Packet: Includes summary videos, study guides, quizzes, and full practice AP tests.
  • Discord Server: A community of students preparing for the AP test.

Unit 1: Geographic Concepts

Maps

  • Types of Maps: Thematic, Reference, and Map Projections (e.g., Mercator).
  • GIS: Geographic Information Systems for spatial relationships.
  • Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research: Census data and societal beliefs.

Spatial Concepts

  • Distance Decay: Decreased by technology.
  • Environmental Determinism vs. Possibilism.
  • Scale and Scale of Analysis: Local vs. national scales; small vs. large scale maps.

Types of Regions

  • Functional (Nodal) Regions.
  • Perceptual (Vernacular) Regions.
  • Formal (Uniform) Regions.

Unit 2: Population and Migration

Population Distribution

  • Impact of urban vs. rural opportunities.
  • Population Density: Arithmetic, Physiological, Agricultural.

Important Vocabulary

  • CBR, CDR, NIR, Sex Ratios, Doubling Time, Dependency Ratios.
  • Population Pyramids: Demographic Transition Model stages.

Models and Theories

  • Demographic Transition Model: Stages 1-5.
  • Epidemiologic Transition Model.
  • Malthus and Neo-Malthusians.

Migration

  • Push and Pull Factors: Political, economic, social, environmental.
  • Forced vs. Voluntary Migration.
  • Diffusion and Cultural Change: Acculturation, Assimilation.

Unit 3: Culture

Cultural Concepts

  • Cultural Relativism vs. Ethnocentrism.
  • Cultural Landscape: Land use, architecture, and societal practices.
  • Centripetal vs. Centrifugal Forces.

Diffusion

  • Types of Diffusion: Relocation, Expansion (Hierarchical, Contagious, Stimulus).
  • Colonialism and Imperialism.

Religion and Language

  • Universalizing vs. Ethnic Religions.
  • Language Diffusion and Impact.

Unit 4: Political Geography

Key Concepts

  • Nation vs. State: Definitions and distinctions.
  • Types of States: Nation-state, Multinational state, Multi-state nation, Stateless nation.

Boundaries and Influence

  • Types of Boundaries: Relic, Antecedent, Subsequent, Consequent, Superimposed, Geometric.
  • Law of the Sea: Territorial waters, EEZ.

Political Organization

  • Unitary vs. Federal States.
  • Centripetal vs. Centrifugal Forces.
  • State Sovereignty: Supremacy of supranational organizations.

Unit 5: Agriculture

Agricultural Practices

  • Extensive vs. Intensive Agriculture.
  • Subsistence vs. Commercial Agriculture.

Agricultural Revolutions

  • First, Second, and Green Revolutions.
  • Impact of Technology: GMO, monoculture, economy of scale.

Social Issues

  • Role of Women in Agriculture.
  • Bid Rent Theory and Von ThĂĽnen’s Model.

Unit 6: Cities and Urban Land Use

Urban Models

  • Burgess, Hoyt, Harris and Ullman's Models.
  • Latin American, Sub-Saharan African, Southeast Asian Models.

Urban Challenges

  • Infrastructure and Sustainability.
  • Gentrification and Urban Sprawl.

Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development

Globalization and Trade

  • Formal vs. Informal Economy.
  • Economic Sectors: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary, Quinary.

Economic Theories

  • Rostow's Stages of Economic Growth.
  • Wallerstein’s World Systems Theory.

Development Indicators

  • GDP, GNI, HDI.
  • Gender Inequality Index.

Conclusion

This comprehensive review is a guide for preparing for the AP Human Geography exam. For further assistance, explore the additional resources and community support available through Mr. Sin's channel.

Full transcript