Sociology Class Notes

Introduction

• Difference between Sociology and Anthropology.
• Bronislaw Malinowski is considered the father of Social Anthropology.
• Development of the concept of Functionalism.

Introduction to Functionalism

• The idea of the Functional School developed by Malinowski.
• The central focus of this ideology is on individual needs.

Key Theories and Concepts

Concept of Kula Ring

• Idea of ceremonial exchange.
• Exchange of two items: red shell necklaces and white shell armbands.

Needs Theory

• Types of Basic Needs, Derived Needs, and Integrative Needs.
• Basic Needs: divided into categories.
• Derived Needs: social and economic needs.

Magic, Science, and Religion

• Magic seen as sacred and science as profane.
• Role of religion: reducing emotional stress.

Ethnography and Participant Observation

• Malinowski first applied this method in sociology.
• Field study in the Trobriand Islands.

Kinship Algebra

• Importance of kinship relations over genealogy.

Social Institutions

• Functioning with 6 interrelated elements.

Criticism of Sigmund Freud

• Rejecting the universal theory of the Oedipus complex.

Conclusion

• Brief study of Malinowski's ideologies and contributions.

Useful References:

• Books: 'The Family Among the Australian Aborigines', 'Sexual Repression in Savage Society', and 'Magic, Science, and Religion'.
• Link to the Telegram channel for asking questions.

Notes Review Suggestions

• Carefully review these notes in the context of exams and highlight important points.
• Try to remember using mnemonics.