Overview
This lecture introduces Marxism, focusing on its conflict theory roots, critique of capitalism, and vision for a more equitable society founded in communism.
Marxism: Origins and Key Concepts
- Marxism is a theory developed by Karl Marx (1818–1883), a German philosopher.
- It is a conflict theory, stating society is in perpetual conflict, especially between the rich (bourgeoisie) and poor (proletariat).
- Marxism is both a political and economic philosophy analyzing current society and proposing future changes.
Capitalism Versus Marxism
- Capitalism is an economic system based on private ownership of the means of production (factories, businesses, etc.).
- Under capitalism, owners (bourgeoisie) control corporations, while workers (proletariat) do not own the businesses they work for.
- The Industrial Revolution intensified capitalism and led to the creation of the bourgeoisie and proletariat classes.
- Capitalist ideology promotes inequality by enabling the rich to maintain power and wealth at the expense of the poor.
Historical Context and Social Change
- Transition from feudalism to capitalism involved enclosure acts that pushed people into cities, where they worked under poor conditions in factories.
- Workers were exploited with low pay and dangerous jobs, often involving child labor.
- Marx argued that capitalist societies are structured to keep the poor in subordinate positions.
Marx's Vision for Revolution and Communism
- Marx believed the working class could gain power through education and awareness.
- He theorized that radical change—revolution—was necessary for the proletariat to overthrow the bourgeoisie.
- After revolution, society would transition to communism, with communal ownership of production and equality for all.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Marxism — A theory by Karl Marx focusing on class conflict and advocating for a fairer, communal society.
- Conflict Theory — The idea that society is driven by ongoing conflicts, primarily between social classes.
- Capitalism — An economic system based on private ownership of production and the pursuit of profit.
- Means of Production — Resources and facilities for producing goods (e.g., factories, land).
- Bourgeoisie — The capitalist class who own most of society’s wealth and production.
- Proletariat — The working class who sell their labor for wages.
- Communism — A system where property and production are communally owned, leading to equality.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review class notes on the Industrial Revolution and its societal impact.
- Prepare for discussion: How does Marxism critique current economic systems?
- Read the assigned excerpt from Karl Marx’s "The Communist Manifesto."