Overview of Medications for Gastrointestinal Disorders

H2 Blockers

• Examples:
  • Famotidine (brand name: Pepcid)
  • Ranitidine (brand name: Zantac)
• Mechanism of Action:
  • Block histamine receptors in the stomach.
  • Reduce production of stomach acid.
• Common Uses:
  • Acid reflux
  • GERD
  • Ulcers

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

• Examples:
  • Omeprazole (Prilosec, Nexium)
  • Pantoprazole (Protonix)
  • Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
  • Esomeprazole (Nexium)
• Mechanism of Action:
  • Inhibit the proton pump in the stomach lining.
  • Reduce acid production, providing relief from acid reflux and GERD symptoms.
• Common Stem in Generic Names:
  • Ends in "-prazole"

5-Amino Salicylates

• Example:
  • Mesalamine (brand name: Asacol)
• Mechanism of Action:
  • Act as anti-inflammatory agents.
  • Reduce inflammation in the intestinal lining.
• Common Uses:
  • Ulcerative colitis

Antihistamines

• Example:
  • Promethazine (brand name: Phenergan)
• Mechanism of Action:
  • Alleviate nausea and vomiting.
• Common Stem in Generic Names:
  • Ends in "-zine"

Laxatives

• Example:
  • Polyethylene glycol (brand name: Glycolax)
• Common Use:
  • Treat constipation

Quiz Example

• Question: A patient comes into the pharmacy complaining of frequent acid reflux. Which one of the following drugs would you choose?
  • Options: "dine", Polyethylene glycol, Omeprazole, Docusate
• Correct Answer: Omeprazole (Proton pump inhibitor, used to reduce stomach acid production)

Key Takeaway

• Each medication has its own unique mechanism of action and specific indications.
• Understanding their classifications ensures safe and effective use for patients.