AP World History: Developments in East Asia from 1200 to 1450

Introduction

• Focus on Song Dynasty in China (1200-1450)
• China was a major power in the ancient and post-classical world.

Song Dynasty Power

• Maintaining and Justifying Power
  • Confucianism
    • Revival from Tang Dynasty, known as Neo-Confucianism.
    • Society was hierarchical: rulers > subjects, fathers > sons.
    • Filial piety emphasized; honoring ancestors and parents.
    • Neo-Confucianism incorporated Buddhist and Taoist ideas.
  • Imperial Bureaucracy
    • Expanded under Song rule.
    • Civil service exams based on Confucian classics ensured competent administration.
    • Bureaucracy helped enforce emperor's policies across vast China.

Social Hierarchies

• Women's Status
  • Subordinate role under Confucian ideals.
  • Legal rights restricted; property transferred to husbands.
  • Foot binding as a status symbol, leading to limited mobility.

Cultural Influence of Song China

• Korea
  • Tributary system maintained independence.
  • Adopted Confucian principles and civil service exams.
• Japan
  • Voluntary adoption of Chinese cultural traits.
  • Influences seen in bureaucracy and Buddhism.
• Vietnam
  • Similar tributary relationship as Korea.
  • Adopted Confucianism, Buddhism, and civil service exams.
  • Women retained higher status compared to China.

Buddhism in East Asia

• Spread and Transformation
  • Originated in South Asia, spread to China by Han Dynasty.
  • Theravada Buddhism: Original form, focused on monastic life.
  • Mahayana Buddhism: Accessible to all, emphasized compassion.
  • Tibetan Buddhism: Mystical practices, distinct in Tibet.
  • Chan Buddhism: Unique Chinese form.

Song Economic Prosperity

• Economic Developments
  • Commercialization
    • Produced excess goods for trade, used paper money and credit.
  • Iron and Steel Production
    • Significant output for war, trade, and agriculture.
  • Agricultural Innovations
    • Introduction of Champa rice, leading to population growth.
  • Transportation Innovations
    • Expansion of Grand Canal, improved navigation with magnetic compass.
    • Enhanced shipbuilding techniques (junks with water-tight bulkheads, stern-mounted rudders).

Additional Resources

• Encouraged to explore review guides and practice exams for deeper understanding.

These notes cover the key points and details from the lecture on developments in East Asia, specifically focusing on the Song Dynasty in China, its cultural influence, and economic prosperity.