AP Human Geography Review Summary

Overview

• Comprehensive review of all seven units of AP Human Geography.
• Quick review to prepare for AP exam or final.
• Ultimate Review Packet available for in-depth study.
• Community support through Discord and YouTube membership.

Unit 1: Maps and Spatial Concepts

• Types of Maps
  • Thematic vs. Reference maps
  • Map Projections: Distortion issues (shape, area, distance, direction)
  • Mercator map: accurate in direction, distorts other factors
• GIS and Data
  • Layering data on maps
  • Qualitative vs. Quantitative research (census, attitudes, beliefs)
• Spatial Concepts
  • Distance decay & technology reducing it
  • Environmental determinism vs. possibilism
• Scale and Regions
  • Scale of analysis: national vs. local
  • Types of Regions: Functional, Perceptual, Formal

Unit 2: Population and Migration

• Population Distribution and Density
  • Arithmetic, Physiological, Agricultural Density
• Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
  • Stages 1-5: Low to declining growth
  • Importance of understanding population pyramids
• Migration
  • Push and pull factors: Economic reasons
  • Forced vs. Voluntary migration
  • Diffusion impacts: Acculturation, Assimilation

Unit 3: Culture

• Cultural Concepts
  • Cultural Relativism vs. Ethnocentrism
  • Cultural landscape and its components
• Diffusion
  • Types: Relocation, Expansion (hierarchical, contagious, stimulus)
  • Historical diffusion: Colonialism, Imperialism
• Religion and Language
  • Universalizing vs. Ethnic religions
  • Language families, diffusion, and cultural impact

Unit 4: Political Geography

• Nation and State
  • Nation: shared identity, State: political entity
  • Nation-state, Multinational state, Stateless nation
• Political Power and Boundaries
  • Types of boundaries: Relic, Antecedent, Superimposed
  • Gerrymandering: Redistricting and political influence
• Supranational Organizations
  • Impact on state sovereignty

Unit 5: Agriculture

• Agricultural Practices
  • Intensive vs. Extensive: Proximity to population centers
  • Commercial vs. Subsistence
• Agricultural Revolutions
  • First, Second, Green Revolution impacts
• Environmental and Economic Issues
  • Monocropping, Sustainable practices, Women's roles
  • Bid rent theory and Von Thünen's model

Unit 6: Urban Geography

• Connectivity and Settlement
  • Site and situation factors
  • Diffusion in world cities
• Urban Models
  • Burgess, Hoyt, Multiple nuclei, Galactic
  • Models for LDCs: Latin American, Sub-Saharan African, Southeast Asian
• Sustainability and Infrastructure
  • Urban sprawl vs. smart growth
  • Impacts of gentrification, redlining

Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development

• Globalization and Trade
  • Formal vs. Informal economies
  • Economic sectors: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
• Theories and Models
  • Rostow's stages of economic growth
  • World Systems Theory and dependency

Final Notes

• Emphasize understanding key models and concepts.
• Use available resources for detailed revision.
• Participation in community resources for additional support.