The Rise of the Nazi Party in the 1930s

Introduction to the NSDAP

• NSDAP Formation: Originally the German Workers Party, it became the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP).
• Adolf Hitler's Leadership: Hitler became the party leader in 1921.
• 25-point Program (1920): A mix of nationalism and socialism, stressing the idea of a People's Party.

Ideology and Misconceptions

• Misconception of Socialism: "Socialism" in NSDAP's context didn't align with traditional left-wing ideas.
• Nationalism Focus: The NSDAP was extremely nationalist, promoting a "people's community" (Volksgemeinschaft).
• Far-right Extremism: The party was founded on far-right principles and espoused extremist ideologies.

Hitler's Ideology

• Extremist Views: Hitler's views were not new; anti-semitism was already prevalent in Europe.
• Social Darwinism: Belief in the superiority of certain races, with a hierarchy of racial superiority.
• Mein Kampf: Written by Hitler in prison, outlining his beliefs and plans, including expansion eastwards for "Lebensraum" and the elimination of Jews.

Historical Context and Events

• Post-WWI Extremism: The Treaty of Versailles and Germany's defeat intensified extremist sentiments.
• Munich Putsch (1923): Hitler's failed attempt to seize power, leading to his imprisonment.

The Nazi Party's Development (1923-1928)

• Failed Munich Putsch: Led to Hitler's arrest and the writing of Mein Kampf.
• Reestablishment of Control: Between 1925 and 1926, Hitler reasserted control over the NSDAP.
• Golden Age (1924-1928): Economic and social development limited the appeal of extremist parties.

The Great Depression and NSDAP's Rise

• Impact of Wall Street Crash (1929): Triggered economic turmoil, creating conditions for extremist parties to gain support.
• Electoral Success: NSDAP's votes surged from 2.6% (1928) to becoming the second largest party by 1930 with 18% of the vote (107 seats).
• Growing Influence: The economic crisis highlighted the flaws in the current system, driving people towards radical solutions.

Conclusion

• Rapid Rise: The NSDAP's growth was facilitated by economic instability, public discontent, and a well-organized party structure.
• Significance: The period post-1929 is crucial in understanding how the Nazi Party capitalized on crises to gain political power.