I warmly welcome you to this explanatory video which will explain you the cycle of European policy making the main actors are mostly well known but how do they interact with each other who is preparing you low who is deciding on it and how a non-governmental actors from the Civil Society involve who is in charge for implementing new law and how is compliance guaranteed it is the European Commission who has the Monopoly to initiate a legislative proposal their directory channels are in charge for drafting you low which will be checked by the legal service for their legality with the tweets before they are passed on full decision making in the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union the 705 members of the European Parliament will be the first to decide on the legislative proposal they see themselves primarily as representatives of all 453 million citizens of the European Union the member of European Parliament come together to form party groups in the European Parliament in order to coordinate depositions with one another the final decision is made by the Council of the European Union also known as the Council of Ministries in the council the interests of the member states are represented by the respective representatives of the ministry's concerned they debate on the side on the commission's legislative proposal and already include the decisions made in the European Parliament Austria is represented in the council by its permanent Representatives that co-oper and also the national experts in the approximately 150 Council working groups the permanent representation is based in Brussels and its employees meet weekly with the colleagues from the other member member states in the following we can't see that the respective stages of use policy making under the ordinary legislative procedure stage one concerns the analysis and development of new policies in the context of policy research at the so-called agenda setting topics are determined which are to be dealt with in more detail and promptly the European commission is responsible for this process they have the Monopoly to start legislative initiatives around 20 000 officials work in the 23 Channel directorates on the respective policy areas and development rules and measures to control they will be supported in the work by the 850 expert committees and for the specialist agencies it starts with the problem identification and interpretation for this purpose the officials of the European commission staying close and regular contact with distinct actors to address the most relevant topics and to elaborate on possible solutions on respective policy policy the core actors in this process are the 23 directory channels the European commission and 50 of the cases however the director generals are commissioned from outside to draw up legislative proportions for example the European Parliament or the Council of the European Union with a simple maturity or by the European court of justice as well as to as Citizens initiative citizens initiatives that have received over 1 million signatures from a quarter of the member states will be discussed by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union in the best case scenario this citizens initiative will initiate a debate that will lead to a congress bill in the medium term current examples are the no profit on pandemic initiative which among other things Advocates the release of patents on covid-19 vaccines other examples are the initiative for b-friendly agriculture and the initiative for europe-wide unconditional basic income furthermore a quote of the member states can advise the commission to prepare a legislative proposal in the field of judicial cooperation in criminal matters and police Corporation this stage is followed by policy research in order to deal with a topic in more detail this will be discussed with various experts and interest groups the more than 850 expert committees in the commission served this purpose in addition the 40 specialist agencies support the commission with expertise many legislative proposals have been planned and discussed for a long time so-called Queen papers and white papers are often used to kick off a debate green papers are intended to provide food for thought on specific topics at the European level they are mainly aimed at interested parties who are thus invited to participate in the process of consultation and debate based on these proposals made in the green paper in some cases they initiate legislative proposals which then will be explained in white papers as an example consider the green paper and a strategy for securing energy Supply as seen on the screen or the green paper on artificial intelligence examples of white papers are for example the right paper and handling and regulating artificial intelligence and the right paper on building a defense Union they serve as a basis for discussion when drafting possible legitive proposals Civil Society actors and interest groups use these white papers as an opportunity to express their views and make contributions at an early stage here on the screen you see an example of real world opinions from Civil Society organizations and other interest groups on the artificial intelligence white paper at the beginning of each legislative period the commissioner president publishes its five years working program which includes prioritized and planned legislation in the upcoming legislative period the nominated commissioner president presents this to the European Parliament who has to give its consent on its election and therefore also on its five-year working program from the Swift planning concrete legislative proposals are then divided into annual programs and then processed accordingly thus All actors who are involved or have certain interests in respective police areas are informed well ahead many committees have already worked on a bill before it will be decided the aim is to work out a bill that will reach constant by a maturity in the European Parliament at the Council of ministers that is why many different actors are invited to working meetings in the relevant Departments of the director channels in charge in the context of formal consultation procedures with percentages of civil society and interest groups can also comment on possible contents and or give suggestions as a rule these public consultations last around three months there's also a lively exchange with lobbyists to provide the commission with expertise and information the commission pays attention to the highest possible transparency and therefore since 2014 all meetings between higher rank officials of the commission and lobbyists have been made public at least two weeks before the meeting also all the lobbyists who are recorded in the so-called transparency register may be received the European Parliament adopted this practice in 2016. the results of all this debates discussions working groups will ultimately flow into the final legislative proposal before a bill is submitted for a decision the plant bill has come through a so-called impact assessment where the spill will get evaluated with regard to its consequences and effects as well as the resources who are required for its implementation the European commission also determines whether the law should be a regulation or a directive and regulation means that the law is directly binding it will be decided on the u-level and it is a direct impact on European Union legislation a directive has to be implemented by national parliament's First International legislation so they have the choice of the form and the means to achieve an agreed legal goal in their hand subsequently in stage two the decision making it's about the decision making of legislative proposals which will be decided to the European Parliament and the Council of ministers in addition the bill will be sent to the European economic and social committee which represents key representatives of civil society and social partners further the committee of the regions which submits the interests of local authorities such as municipalities and federal states they can give their opinion within eight weeks and also within eight weeks the national parliaments I'll ask to check the Legislative proposal in whether it is uh compliant to the principle of subsiderity or they are of the opinion that this principle of subsidiarity is violated by this legendary proposal if a third of the national parliaments are of the opinion the desert were relation of subsidiarity the yellow card is triggered which prompts the commission to re-examine the proposal or to justify however if more than 50 percent of the national parliaments joined the complaint the orange card will be drawn this provides for a world in the council and the European Parliament on the admissibility of the bill they both have to vote in favor to have to recognize actually that admissibility with the qualified majority the legislative procedure allows up to three readings one reading always refers to the exchange between the commission European Parliament and the Council of the European Union incidentally there is no time limit during the first reading at the beginning of each reading there's a meeting of the respective key actors of the main three institutions the commission the European Parliament at the Council of the European Union these meetings are called trilogue meetings these meetings are taking place in an informal setting prospective actors who are included and participate in this trilogue meetings are first of all the head of the responsible director channel in the commission as representative of the administrative level as well as the representative of the cabinet of the commissioner who is responsible for the political coordination in the commission both of them represent the commission into our localities the European Parliament is represented by the respective property or as well by the chairperson of the respective parliamentary committee the Council of ministers in turn is represented by the current presidency actually the country who is holding the presidency and thus sharing the council during that time the respective Ministry of the country who is holding the presidency is in turn represented by its permanent representatives in process the decision is then made twice in the so-called decision-making first of all the European Parliament with its 705 in a piece the side and then there were percentages of the member states who meet in the Council of the European Union they also wrote on this legislative proportion first of all the European Parliament works with a simple maturity it can accept the legislative proposal without any reservation or subject to change is added to the documents so-called amendments the second step is to vote in the Council of ministers which can and reservedly approve the original legendary proposal or as well the amendment by the European Parliament with a double majority a double maturity means the approval of 55 of the member countries who also represent at least 65 percent of the population in the event of a rejection or a descending Council position the legislative proposal will be dealt with again and the so-called second reading will take place however the second reading is limited to 12 weeks during this time the European Parliament and the Council of ministers have to decide on the bill the up Parliament again had three options either it accepts the castle position or if you checked it then the legislative process has failed completely or it proposes a new Amendment then it comes to the third reading this differs from the second reading in the in that there is an initially mediating a conciliation process in the dialogue format very respective representatives of the three institutions trying to discuss whether and how an agreement still can be reached after they have agreed on a text the institutions each of them has to vote on this proposal separately but no further changes are allowed to the document this process the third reading actually is differentiated between six weeks of conciliation within the dialogue format and six weeks where the voting has to take place however the analysis of the past legislative periods have shown that a large part of the bills are already passed within the first reading specifically this is the case in almost 90 percent of the procedures finally the European commission is entrusted with the implementation of the law depending on the act of law either a regulation or a directive in this case the implementation as either with the commission or the national parliaments in the case of indirect Affair directed in both cases so-called comitology committees can be set up they support the Commission in the implementation of a regulation or the national parliament in the implementation of a direct these comitology committees are formed under proposal of the cause of ministers and are composed of voting Representatives from the national Ministries this cometology cometology committees enable a dialogue between National authorities and are intended to ensure that the arrangements made correspond to the circumstances in their respective countries and all member states in this regard if it's a directive uh are evil to implement harmonized Bill actually in stage 3 the law that has already been adopted is now implemented and enforced as soon as a law has been passed they apply without restriction to the respective area after a legally agreed period from now on the European commission is responsible for the administration of the law enforcement and in the event of non-compliance oh lack of compliance in either direction it can initiate and it has to initiate an infringement procedure at the European court of justice based in Luxembourg as of March 2021 1849 proceedings are pending 77 out of these relate to Austria the maturity however are concerning late implementations of EU directives the final stage four closest Circle and includes the evaluation of a policy area and its existing rules with regard to the decree of the target achievement and efficiency it isn't the task of the European Commission in close contact and exchange with the member states and the members of the European Parliament as well as relevant stakeholders from the Civil Society to identify any deficiencies in the achievement of goals and based on this to develop a new proposed solution in order to best address the policy areas aside to its shape if deficiencies are found here which the director General in the European commission considers crucial the process begins again with a new proposal to remedy the deficiencies in the policy making process thank you for your interest in European policy making and I hope that this explanatory video has helped to give you a good insight into what is going on and Au policy making this explanatory video is made Available to You by the University of applied sciences of the BFE Vienna and was made possible with the kind support of the mega star 23 of the city of Vienna is responsible for this video who works as a lecturer and research assistant in the course European economics and business management as well as at The Institute for political science at the University of um