Dental Radiography: Chapter 18 - Introduction to Dental Imaging Examinations

Objectives

• Define key terms associated with dental imaging examinations.
• List three types of intraoral imaging examinations.
• Describe the purpose, type of receptor, and technique used for each type.
• List projections comprising a complete mouth series (CMS, FMS, FMX).
• List general diagnostic characteristics for intraoral imaging.
• Provide examples of extraoral imaging examinations.
• Discuss prescribing dental images.
• Describe when a complete mouth series is needed for a new patient.

Dental Imaging Exams Overview

Categories

1. Intraoral Imaging Exams
   • Sensor/film placed inside patient's mouth.
   • Examples: Bite wings, full mouth series.
2. Extraoral Imaging Exams
   • Sensor/film placed outside patient's mouth.
   • Example: Panoramic radiographs.

Types of Intraoral Exams

1. Periapical Exams
   • Use periapical radiographs (PAs).
   • Evaluate crown, root, and supporting bone.
   • Techniques: Paralleling and bisecting.
2. Interproximal Exams (Bite Wings)
   • Use bitewing radiographs.
   • Examine adjacent tooth surfaces and crestal bone.
   • Abbreviation: BWX.
3. Occlusal Exams
   • Use occlusal radiographs.
   • Examine large areas of the maxilla or mandible.

Complete/Full Mouth Series (FMX)

• Combination of periapical and bitewing radiographs.
• Shows all tooth-bearing areas.
• Typically 14 PAs and 4 bite wings.
• Used every 3 years or based on patient needs.

Diagnostic Criteria

• Images must display optimal density, contrast, definition, and detail.
• Must show true shape and size with minimal distortion.
• Periapical images must show entire crown, root, and 2-3mm beyond root apices.
• Bite wings must show open contacts without overlap.

Extraoral Examinations

• Receptor placed outside the mouth.
• Examples: Panoramic images, cephalometric radiographs.
• Examine large areas of skull or jaws.

Prescribing Dental Radiographs

• Only dentists can prescribe radiographs.
• Prescription based on individual patient needs.
• Consider history of decay, systemic diseases, and oral health.

Key Takeaways

• Understand different imaging techniques and their specific uses.
• Recognize the importance of diagnostic quality in radiographs.
• Ensure proper prescription and ethical practices in dental radiography.

Summary

• Intraoral images include periapical, interproximal, and occlusal exams.
• Complete mouth series combines periapical and interproximal views.
• Extraoral exams provide a broad overview of oral structures.

The lecture emphasized the importance of mastering both intraoral and extraoral imaging techniques for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning in dental practice. Always follow safety protocols and ethical guidelines when handling radiographic equipment.