Overview
This lecture explains the difference between intramolecular and intermolecular forces, emphasizing definitions, locations, and key distinctions pertinent to chemistry.
Intramolecular Forces
- Intramolecular forces exist within a single molecule.
- These forces hold atoms together inside a molecule.
- Intramolecular forces are also known as chemical bonds (ionic, covalent, or metallic bonds).
- Example: The bond between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule is an intramolecular force.
Intermolecular Forces
- Intermolecular forces exist between two or more different molecules.
- These forces attract separate molecules to each other but do not involve electron sharing or transfer.
- Intermolecular forces are not chemical bonds; they are attractions resulting from regions of opposite charge.
- Example: The attraction between two water molecules is due to intermolecular forces.
Key Differences
- Intramolecular forces occur within molecules; intermolecular forces occur between molecules.
- Intramolecular forces involve actual chemical bonds; intermolecular forces are weaker attractions.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Intramolecular Force — A force (bond) holding atoms together within a molecule (e.g., covalent bond).
- Intermolecular Force — A force attracting separate molecules toward each other, not involving bonds.
- Bond — A connection between atoms that involves sharing or transfer of electrons (ionic, covalent, metallic).
Action Items / Next Steps
- Write down definitions and key differences for use in future assignments or exams.