MLA focuses on integrating and citing sources in essays.
A source is any information taken from elsewhere, spoken or written.
Rephrasing information is still considered a source and must be credited to avoid plagiarism.
Ways to Incorporate Source Material
Quote: Direct wording from a source, enclosed in quotation marks.
Paraphrase: Rephrasing a sentence from a source into your own words, about the same length.
Summary: Condenses information, shorter than the original source.
Importance of Citing
All methods (quote, paraphrase, summary) require citation to avoid plagiarism.
Integrating Sources
Introduce Source Material
Use author's full name and work title in a lead-in phrase.
Ensure it flows smoothly in the writing.
Example
Lead-in phrase: "In 'What's So Bad About Being Poor,' Charles Murray claims..."
Titles: Short works in quotation marks, longer works italicized.
Citation
Follows source material in the essay and appears on a works cited page.
In-text Citations
Placement
Comes after quotes, paraphrases, or summaries in parentheses.
Period after the closing parenthesis.
Content
Page numbers are prioritized, followed by website title, book title, etc.
Works Cited Page
Function
Lists sources used in the essay, formatted per MLA guidelines.
Located at the end of the essay.
Example Format
Author's last name, first name, title of article, title of anthology (italicized), editor, publication city, publisher, year, page range, medium (e.g., Print).
Formatting
Hanging indents used.
Double-spaced, Times New Roman, 12-point font.
Alphabetized by author's last name.
Tips for Success
Cite While Writing: Do not postpone citation; integrate as you write.
Attention to Detail: MLA is detail-oriented; ensure formatting and citation are correct.
Seek Help: Utilize instructors, librarians, and writing tutors if unsure.
Flow in Writing: Ensure source material is well-integrated with a lead-in and follow-up.
Do Not Forget the Works Cited Page: Essential for allowing readers to verify sources.
Final Notes
MLA includes visual format, source integration, in-text citation, and works cited page.
Plagiarism is not tolerated in college; pay attention to correct source usage.
Learning process; focus on avoiding plagiarism through proper citation.