Oral Pathology Lecture Notes

Introduction

• Presenter: Ryan
• Topic: Oral Pathology
• Focus on high-yield content for exams like NBDA Part 2, ASE, and board exams
• Organized by tissue type and lesion type (reactive, infectious, immunologic, etc.)
• Content adapted from "Mosby's Review for the NBDA Part 2"

Developmental Conditions

Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate

• Cleft Lip:
  • Incidence: 1 in 1,000 births
  • More common unilaterally (80%) vs. bilaterally (20%)
  • Caused by lack of fusion between medial nasal process and maxillary process
• Cleft Palate:
  • Incidence: 1 in 2,000 births
  • Caused by lack of fusion between palatal shelves
  • Can lead to unilateral or bilateral clefts

Lip Pits

• Imagination at corners of the mouth or near the midline
• Van der Woude Syndrome: Includes cleft lip/palate and lip pits

Fordyce Granules

• Ectopic sebaceous glands
• Benign; no treatment necessary
• Located on buccal or labial mucosa

Leukoedema

• Whitish-grey edematous lesion on buccal mucosa
• Lesion dissipates when cheek is stretched

Lingual Thyroid and Thyroglossal Duct Cysts

• Lingual thyroid: Thyroid tissue mass at midline base of tongue
• Thyroglossal duct cyst: Midline neck swelling
• Both occur along the embryonic path of thyroid descent

Geographic Tongue

• Also known as benign migratory glossitis or erythema migrans
• White annular lesions with red islands; lesions migrate over time
• Occasionally painful; no definitive treatment

Fissured Tongue

• Characterized by folds and furrows on tongue dorsum
• Part of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome which includes:
  • Fissured tongue
  • Granulomatous cheilitis (lip inflammation)
  • Facial paralysis (Bell's palsy)

Angiomas

General Information

• Angiomas are tumors composed of blood or lymph vessels

Types of Angiomas

• Cherry Angioma: Common, benign red mole
• Hemangioma: Congenital capillary proliferation; often involutes with age
• Lymphangioma: Rare, purple spots on tongue; cystic hygroma if in neck

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

• Involves angiomas of leptomeninges (arachnoid and pia mater) and skin

Bone Growths and Cysts

Exostosis and Torus

• Excessive cortical bone growth
• Buccal exostosis and palatal torus based on location

Dermoid Cyst

• Midline mass with doughy consistency; can be intraoral or extraoral

Branchial Cyst

• Lateral neck swelling; epithelial cyst in lymph node

Oral Lymphoepithelial Cyst

• Equivalent of branchial cyst in oral mucosa

Stafne Bone Defect

• Radiolucency in posterior mandible; variation of normal anatomy

Nasopalatine Duct Cyst

• Heart-shaped radiolucency in nasopalatine canal

Globulomaxillary Lesion

• Radiolucency between maxillary canine and lateral incisor

Traumatic Bone Cyst

• Large radiolucency scalloped around roots (pseudocyst)
• Typically found in teenage mandibles; associated with trauma

Conclusion

• End of lecture on developmental conditions
• Encouragement to like, subscribe for more content