Overview
This lecture covers the fundamental concepts of computer hardware and software, outlining their main components and how they interact to make computers functional.
Hardware Basics
- Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer you can touch and see.
- Main hardware components include the CPU, motherboard, RAM, storage devices, and peripherals.
- The CPU (central processing unit) executes instructions and runs programs, impacting computer speed and performance.
- The motherboard connects all components, enabling communication between CPU, RAM, storage, and peripherals.
- RAM (random access memory) acts as short-term memory, temporarily storing data the CPU needs during tasks.
- Storage devices, such as hard drives and SSDs, provide permanent data storage; SSDs are faster than hard drives.
- Peripherals are external devices like keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers that facilitate user interaction.
Software Basics
- Software includes programs and operating systems that run on hardware and make it useful.
- The operating system (OS) manages resources, provides a user interface, and runs applications.
- Applications are programs for specific tasks (e.g., word processing, web browsing, gaming) and require the OS to operate.
Relationship Between Hardware and Software
- Hardware provides the physical foundation, while software makes hardware functional.
- Together, hardware and software enable the operation of computers for daily tasks.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Hardware — Physical components of a computer.
- CPU (Central Processing Unit) — The “brain” that executes instructions and runs programs.
- Motherboard — Main circuit board connecting all hardware components.
- RAM (Random Access Memory) — Temporary memory used for active processes.
- Storage Devices — Permanent data storage (e.g., hard drives, SSDs).
- Peripherals — External devices for user interaction.
- Software — Programs and operating systems that control hardware.
- Operating System (OS) — Core software managing hardware and applications.
- Applications — Software designed for specific user tasks.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the differences between hardware and software components.
- Identify examples of each main hardware and software component on your own computer.