in this video i'm going to talk about how the nazis tried to win over the hearts and minds of the german people i started with this picture in the last video and i said that in this picture it says to me that you can see that the german people are being controlled by the nazi party they're doing what they're saying i think that that control came through two different ways it came through fear and it came through propaganda and it's the latter that i want to look at today and propaganda in germany was led by this man here joseph goebbels now on the 13th of march 1933 the ministry of public enlightenment and propaganda was created you don't need to remember that full title but i think the ministry of propaganda is saying you should try and remember and the ministry of propaganda was led by joseph goebbels he was highly intelligent and he was a driven man this quote from goebbels to me sums up everything that we're going to be looking at in the next 10 minutes so the best propaganda is that which as it were works invisibly it penetrates the whole of life without the public having any knowledge of its initiative in other words the best propaganda works where it works silently invisibly but does spreads the message that it was intended goebbels was a genius at propaganda and the nazis used lots of different methods to spread their message we're going to look at those six different methods today now the first of those messages was spread by posters and posters were put up all around germany at this time to spread the nazi message sometimes they look like this and they showed that hitler was a caring man sometimes it looked more serious in those posters but they often emphasized him being godlike or a father figure to germany sometimes the posters were aimed at specific groups like young women here or young men here sometimes the posters were quite bleak and they were aimed at workers now this poster in german says our only hope hitler and it's trying to get workers to see that hitler was their only hope sometimes posters were really aimed at families and showed that the impact nazis would have on germany if they were voted into power but often the posters were not always as cheery as this one sometimes they were spreading a much darker message sometimes like in this poster they were anti-semitic and they spread their awful racial ideas that the nazis had so this poster here is for a film called the jew and shows really anti-semitic message about jewish people now the nazis didn't just use posters they also used newspapers and the nazis controlled newspapers through the right press chamber and they took control of all of the existing newspapers in germany at the time and they closed down any opposition papers that existed by 1939 they'd owned two-thirds of all german newspapers and magazines the nazis even published their own newspapers this one here is an example of it their newspaper desterma or destorma and the distormer newspaper was basically a tabloid rant and it was an awful it spread the awful message to the nazis and again was often highly anti-semitic as this copy is here the nazis controlled all of the content of the newspapers that was published in germany and all germanists were forced to sign or join the reichs association of the press and goebbels issued regular statements about what could and couldn't be printed so the papers were highly censored again highly censored to spread their spread their message to win over the german hearts mines the nazis also used really really recent and modern technology for the time in the 1930s the most modern technology really was radio and in 1939 all 34 sorry all radio stations across germany were incorporated into the reich radio company and the ministry of propaganda controlled its output the nazis produced cheap radio sets the people's receivers you can see a picture of one of these on the right hand side here and those people's receivers were sold at a dirt cheap price it was sold at a price that for a week's wait for an annual average manual worker you could afford it and in 1933 they produced 100 1.5 million of these sets loads of them so many so that by 1939 70 of germans had a radio in their home now the people's receiver was also a very clever technique because it had a very limited range actually it wasn't a very good radio and as a result of it having a limited range it could only pick up german radio stations and so spread the german message it could not pick up foreign stations like the bbc that might have told the german people a very different story about what was happening the nazis also used film and the 1930s was the golden age of cinema and the nazis closely controlled films through the reich film chamber in 1934 the reich cinema law made it compulsory that all scripts had to be pre-censored and films that glorified hitler or criticized the jews were encouraged but goebbels was a really clever man and he realized that overly political films would be quite boring for most people so he limited those films to often normally about 10 percent of the films and actually what was more common for the 90 percent of films were films like this one you can see on the right hand side which were about adventure but even those films like this film on the right hand side often had nazi messages subtly weaved into their storylines so the films were openly filled with propaganda but they often blended romance and drama at the same time the nazis also held huge events to spread their message rallies and these big rallies were essentially like festivals of their day and they were held to emphasize and celebrate the strength of the nazi movement they involved speeches people singing choruses they had big marches their torchlit parades and some of these rallies even have mock battles the biggest rallies of the whole in the whole of germany were held at a place called nuremberg in south germany and the largest of the nuremberg rallies was in 1934 and that event lasted a whole week where a quarter a million people arrived on 500 trains to go to this rally and at that rally there were 30 000 swastika flags placed around the field each with its own spotlight so at night people said it looked like a cathedral of light these events were carefully coordinated and choreographed to really spread the nazi message and show how powerful they were the nazis also used the olympics to spread their message and in 1936 the olympic games were held in berlin and olympic flags and swastikas covered the city including at the new 100 000 seat stadium which was at that time one of the biggest in the world anti-semitic signs were taken down across germany and german newspapers toned down their story for the few weeks that the olympics was on so that people didn't get the impression that they were as racist as they actually were but the games themselves really heavily pro promoted aryan superiority and the nearly all aryan german team did really well the most brilliant exception to that ruler was jesse owens and jesse owens was an african-american athlete and he brilliantly won gold in a number of events beating the german team which was humiliating for hitler so joseph goebbels this man here really carefully choreographed and controlled the nazi message and that nazi message was designed to win people over to their way of thinking and make people believe in that message and he did that through posters radio newspapers rallies film and the olympics so over the last two videos we've really been thinking about how the nazis control the german people and the nazis were sorry the german people were controlled by these two goebbels controlling propaganda and himmler controlling fear and it was really really a combination of that propaganda and fear as to why most germans were controlled by the nazis and i think it's a really important question just to end on here to think about who you think was more important in controlling the german people was it goebbels with his propaganda or was it himmler with his fear there's not really a right or wrong answer with this but it's really important one to think about