PM Networking Lecture: Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing

Introduction

• Topic: How to configure inter-VLAN routing using a router.
• Scenario: A LAN network with two departments:
  • HR Team
  • Content Team
• Goal: Separate these departments using VLANs.

VLAN Configuration

• VLANs Used:
  • VLAN 10: Assigned to HR team.
  • VLAN 20: Assigned to Content team.
• Switch Port Assignments:
  • VLAN 10: Fast Ethernet ports 0/1 and 0/2.
  • VLAN 20: Fast Ethernet ports 0/3 and 0/4.

Purpose of VLANs

• Prevent broadcast messages from crossing between VLANs.
• Initially, all PCs can communicate, but VLAN will restrict this.

Configuration Steps

1. Assign IP Addresses to PCs.
2. Configure VLANs on the switch.
3. Assign VLAN Memberships:
   • Make specific ports members of VLAN 10 and VLAN 20.
4. Configure Trunk Port:
   • Port Fast Ethernet 0/5 will be configured as a trunk to carry traffic for multiple VLANs (VLAN 10 and VLAN 20).

Sub-Interface Configuration on Router

• Create sub-interfaces for each VLAN:
  • Fast Ethernet 0/0.1: For VLAN 10
    • Encapsulation Protocol: 802.1Q
    • IP Address: 192.168.10.11
  • Fast Ethernet 0/0.2: For VLAN 20
    • Encapsulation Protocol: 802.1Q
    • IP Address: 192.168.10.19

Troubleshooting

• Common Issues:
  • Incorrect default gateway settings can prevent communication.
• Solution:
  • Ensure default gateways are set correctly for communication between VLANs.
  • Use inter-VLAN routing to enable communication.

Network Traffic Flow Explanation

• Ping Example:
  • Source IP: 192.168.10.9 (VLAN 10)
  • Destination IP: 192.168.10.16 (VLAN 20)
• Traffic hits switch, tagged for VLAN 10, then forwarded to trunk and router.
• Router processes traffic, retags it for VLAN 20, and sends it back to the switch.
• This allows communication between devices on different VLANs via the router.

Conclusion

• Once configured, all computers can communicate with each other through the router.
• Finished with a call to action for viewers to like and subscribe.