Hello dear children, how are you all? Welcome all of you, welcome back to Your very own platform of JK Boss Wala Slush Physics Wala Main Hoon Aapki Pallavi Ma'am, today I have brought a lot for you. More importantly, a one stop solution for you Jammu and Kashmir specific chapter Why ma'am, where did you leave this chapter? But I don't get it either, please read it quickly. Read so many messages from you people. have come and today in this video it is going to happen Which is your complete chapter? Come Let's start quickly. Ok. So What is the name of the chapter, brother? Chapter Name Post Independent Era Jammu and Kashmir on the Path of Modernization. Ok? What changes do we have in Jammu and Did it happen in Kashmir? How Jammu and Kashmir Has there been a change in? Where from dear Children? From Independence to the present day We will tell you in this chapter how things have gone. I am going to study. Okay, right? Come on, let's Begin. As soon as it starts, friend, a very good one for you. Very important here There is one thing. What is that? Dude, just more Just keep commenting under the video. Where can I get the notes, ma'am? Where will I meet? Where will I meet? Guy's Physics will be found here On Wala's application. Here you can find it You can download it. And when you get the free batch JK Bose of class 10th will join You will find all the notes of the batch there. Will get it. Okay, right? Let us go So what will be the topics? Topics most What will happen first, children? a little bit We will take the introduction here. Then will be Your First Fuzz. Ok? who from where Will it happen by? 1947 i.e. after independence It will start from . Ok? After Independence is everything we are here But will read. Correct? Till 1965. In Second Fuzz Yours will come from 1965 to 82. donation Comes your third fuzz. and here you are dear Children, what will we read? We will read this 2019 Till Present. Okay, right? To understand Came? Yes ma'am. Let's go ahead and start Let me introduce you. So what were the children told in the introduction? Is? It is explained here in the introduction That after 1947. Ok? After 1947 Jammu And what happened to us in Kashmir? Many economic as well as social changes We were able to see it. Okay, right? Yes ma'am. We came to know that Jammu and Kashmir What was happening in me? There are a lot of changes Was being. Ok? Now a little bit here We should discuss that since 1947 How was Jammu and Kashmir earlier? Ok? So let me tell you that once. Let us go Let's start quickly once. Memory Keep that in mind, I will tell you later. I am yours. Let's talk about the time period of 1947 First. Okay, right? So before 1947, if you If you look at it, all the love you have Children, whatever princely states they had You had princely states. They are fine here only at the time of independence. What were they told when the British left? When he was there, what did he say that brother, your You have a choice, you have a choice, either you What should you do, join the Union of India? Okay, the second choice was given to them that You join the Union of Pakistan. End And the third choice given here, son What was that? To Stay Independent. Ok? What can you live with? to stay Independent. Ok? So, here are all these things for us today. I have to see it in class. And now I'll give you Let me quickly tell you what happened here. Was. Ok? Now we have Jammu and We had Kashmir, what did we have, son? It was a princely state. And the rulers here were Who was he? King Mr Hari. Okay son. Who were our rulers? Maharaja Harin ji. Now what happened here Son? Maharaja Hari Ji chose here To Stay Independent. Ok? He He said, brother, I don't join anyone. I will not do it nor will I join India. I will join Pakistan soon. But I Stay independent here dear children I want. Ok? Now what happened here? When she chose to live independently, her son After that there was a lot more here. Things are what they are. Ok? Jammu and If we talk about Kashmir, dear children. Ok? If we talk about Jammu and Kashmir do it then What was happening here now? not here anymore Infiltration was taking place. Ok? here The tribals were entering and told It was said that he is Pak influenced by us. Used to be nearby. Ok? Now as soon as here But when all these things were happening, Maharaja Har Singh ji to rectify this situation Or to settle it down from India Asked for help. Ok? He told India that brother, we Military help is needed. Ok? He Read more about Military Help here. I spoke to my dear children. Ok? like now Only here India got this message, then it Remember that here the Prime Minister Who were yours? Nehru. Ok? So he said cute from the front The children were given an offer. What was that? He said that if you, what Do you want to do it son? of the Indian Army Do you want help? If you want us to If we help you then what will you get in return? have to do it? you have to Joy India Legally. What was said son? that you should join India Will have to do it legally. And look here, India What did joining mean here that your Ending Independence and India Join the union. Now this He joined through IOA. IOA What was it son? This was what we had Instrument of Instrument of Accession. Okay, right? In which he had stored all his powers Hey dear children, I have resolved it. Correct Is? And here with the Union of India Finally they merged. Ok? what happened Here son? Got merged. With whom? With the Union of India. Okay, right? Now What happened to us? Jammu and Kashmir What is one, son? Whose part has been made? Of your India. Ok. I understand even Did you go? How are things from here? Will you go? There was talk about him. Correct Isn't it? So as things went on, There have been a lot of changes, economic changes. Hui. Ok? There were changes in the society. All Things have changed a lot here Was. Now what are people doing here? Did you do it son? Some of the focus here is All the people who were here were heads He had some things that he really Had paid more attention. Like governance. Ok? How will the ruling be done going forward? Will it happen? What will happen next? Ok? who rules Will he? Who will become the head? On all these things There is a lot of attention being paid here Was. Ok? As we moved further, we Saw that many things for the economy also It was planned. The state was built. Agrarian reforms were introduced here. Now look at what agrarian reforms are. Are you dear children? All the changes that have taken place in agriculture Was. All the reforms for agriculture Son, those were agrarian reforms Are. It was discussed here for education and To improve and improve health Dear children, many things, many Most of the policies are implemented here was done. Now what has been told to understand Better. Ok? Here this period is divided into three In phases, the son is divided into three phases Has gone. First phase, second phase and third phase Phase. It traces the trajectory. Trajectory is a path, son. Correct Is? of Developmental Programmes. here Son, what will we read in these three faces? how things moved forward here Went. how things are done here It was planned. Whether we talk about the economy Whether we talk about society, all of them Changes we are going to see in this class. Ok? So let's start quickly The first phase, whose time period was from 1947 From 1965 till 1965. Ok? Now see son what was told that extension of Jammu and Kashmir. Ok? this thing I just told you that brother Instrument of Accession signed and signed the Instrument of Accession After doing this, Jammu and Kashmir got access was done inside India. That means that was merged. Inside whom, son? It was merged with India. Ok? Did you all understand this much? Ok. Ok. One second. Ok. Now what next? It has been told son, under whose rule Inside? During the rule of Maharaja Hari Singh Inside. This picture that is posted here Who do we have? Maharaja Har Singh Ji Are. Okay, now what is the next thing told? After this, a head was selected here. Was appointed. And who was he? Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah. Is it okay son? Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah was appointed as the head of elected as emergency administration Had gone. Was appointed. When? 30th October 1947. Remember when? 30th October On 30 October 1947, he was appointed head of the Emergency. Administration Administration dear Children were made. Next we have If we look at 1948, this is what we have. Sheikh Mohammed Abdullah is what has he become? Were you son? Jammu had become the Prime Minister And Kashmir K. Ok? If you take care So here's a look at the terminologies used first. The PM will go. Then we will have Sadre Princely state. You will see it further ahead Princely state. You will see these terms Will meet. But as you move forward Then here is what you have here dear children There will be a change in nomenclature also. First we say They are saying that well, we have merged with India. also with. But still we said that this What happened? Sheikh Abdullah is here Became the Prime Minister. Ok? This is wrong Not there. That's perfect. when you move forward Here you will find out that this Nomenclature hereafter removed It was gone and then it was changed to Chief Inside the minister. Ok? Now look Next comes our Shift of Power What happens in 1949, son? The Maharaja transferred powers to his son Yuvraj Karan Singh. Okay, right? So Karan Singh was given powers. And here is the Maharaja Where did you go to us, son? He Left Jammu and Kashmir. And that ever He never returned and went to Bombay. Ok? There he furthered his I lived my life as it was. and Karan Singh Became the first Sadar state. Remember 1952 When the powers shifted to us. Ok? So what was seen is that we have Who was made the Sadar State with us? Was it son? Who was made? Sadar We made Karan Singh the princely state Was. Ok? Now comes the question, Madam. What is a princely state? So this is what happens, son. You have the constitutional head. constitutional Head. Okay, right? Ok. Now let's move ahead. Look, he will tell us which Sadar-e-Riyasat we have. When were they made? Dogras in 1952 Hereditary rule abolished. Now here the Your Dogra rule should end immediately. goes. And it was replaced by a Constitutional Head of the State. And this Who chose you, son? They were chosen By the Constituent Assembly. Ok No? Now his tenure was also that is five Years. Now, as you go forward, you will see that these The nomenclature we have should change It will be done and the Governor told them Will go after this. Ok? Then what comes next to you son? New Kashmir Objective. one of the biggest He had launched the manifesto. that was New Kashmir. Now in the new Kashmir this is basically Who were you talking about, son? Its Aye what was that? Here they are doing this comprehensive comprehensive plan for Economic Social Political Age Well Age Cultural Reconstruction. Okay, right? means that this What did you want to do, son? Jammu and Completely rebuild Kashmir wanted to do. reconstruct wanted to. where social and political There should be equality. Ok? where cultural Let us revive all the culture that we have. Industries should come and there should be progress. We have There should be development. Ok? And all our people We could live together in this society. Then we talk about what we have next. Agrarian reforms came. Now I have I already told you son, I am an agrarian What are reforms? related to Agriculture. Related to agriculture. Correct Is? Because what is our economy? Our What is economy? It is an agrarian economy. That is based on the agriculture. Because Major population which is ours, right? What does the majority population do? Mostly practiced agriculture She practices. Now what have we done here Did you see son? The first thing that has been discussed is the land and Revenue System Changes in 1948 brought. Then what did we see seconds after that? Tenancy Amendment Act 1948, Big Landed State Abolition Act 1950 and distress Debtors' Relief Act 1950. one by one this Let's discuss it in detail once. after all What things did it talk about? Went? Land's End will come to you first. Revenue Changes. Okay, right? No revenue System changes. So whose children are inside this? Was it talked about? here in 1948 This was brought about reform. Ok? And son, what was said inside this? Here But strict abolition of jagir was done Was. What were jagirs, son? that our What's nearby? Land Grants. Land Grants in Lieu of Service. Ok? What basically happened? like a king What did the Maharaja do? to their lands Used to give it. Ok? some of your land To whom would you have given your share here, son? Used to give it to them. Ok? Now its Like, let's say, they have complete control. I could not go near it. But the landlord who is Those who used to get this land. Ok? Like the people who belonged to the elite class Became nobles. Ok? By the way, these vassals Have become. So what did they do? Then that land to the people about the piece of land that they found. Used to collect revenue. which on that Used to work and collect revenue from them only used to do. Ok? Now don't think that the revenue they got What will they do with this revenue? it Revenue dear children its own pocket I used to go there. Ok? And this revenue The government did not get it back. These Who was it completely for, son? of the vassal Had taken it. Okay, right? Did you understand? she has had the right to collect revenue on it Of. The Jagirdar would have rights over this estate. and he used to collect its revenue and Used to keep it in my pocket. Okay, right? Now look It was said that son, the estate that was here Why was it given because here some There was a service here for the lovely children. Suppose someone provided some service to the king. If these people did any work for them then What did they get in return? These people worked on the estate they received. They used to do this because these people had their own There used to be not so much land, right? Then next we talked here son Muaffis Muaffis What Was The Land That Was exempted from the revenue means that such Jagir, which means Jagir, all these are Butt used to be a part of the estate Son on whom revenue was not collected on which revenue was not charged It was done and basically religious It is not taxable due to its purpose. For example, suppose here But a The land near the mosque became that of a temple. If there is land then what did you say that here above it Taxes not collected on Will go. Then we talked about son Makarij. Makarij What was it son? Fixed crash cash grants Except for religious places or okats. So it means that there is some fixed amount like this. I used to do whatever I had to pay them. Correct Is? And they had to be given. So what now I am saying that all these things here All the things we talked about related to land Whatever revenue system is running above dear children, it was finished Was. It was abolished. like a manor is removed. Muaffis was removed. Muarij was also removed dear children Was. So what comes next for us? Tenancy Amendment Act. what comes Son? Tenancy Amendment Act comes into force. And When did we even have this? In 1948, this too Was brought. It was introduced in 1948. Ok? And what was said here? The guarantee was made. Who gave the guarantee? For? Fixity of the tenure. Okay, right? Now basically what was said was that as many Tenants have no set maximum rent payable To the land lord. What do we basically have It was told, son, that all those here Who were the tenants working on the land? We have tenants who pay rent By renting, I mean like land, let's say tenants Became a tenant. What did you say here also? Those who were working on the land The lands that were acquired had some tenure. Was. Ok? He used to have some tenure Was. So that wasn't fixed here before. used to do. But when the Tenancy Amendment Act It came and it was fixed after that. for how much time period they had The land will remain. After what time period These dear children, they get the rent as it is. Have to do it. And maximum amount kitna pay That too has to be fixed here right beforehand. It was made a rent. Ok? set Maximum rent payable to the land lord. These This thing was already discussed here. How much amount are you paying on rent? Will you do it? Ok? How much rent will you pay? all these Things were already fixed here. Then the next one comes to us, son. Distress Debtors Relief Act 1950. Correct Is? Now it remains to be seen how the deputy Don't talk about deputies, son. You have this There is the Debtors Relief Act. Distress daters. So what was basically said son? That All the indentured tenants that were there, right? As much as you know that above the lands He was in debt. It's fine now? This is absolutely were deeply in debt. Now this debt When they had sunk in, they were a little bit Dear children, this act is a relief to them. It was obtained through. Ok? Dept of Peasants reduced from ₹90 lax to ₹98 lax. Look, I mean completely ₹100 lakh This much was reduced for them. End what did you say? About 60% of the claims were Written off. Ok? Those who had 60% claims The immediate return of which is declared here It was done. Next comes the son We have Big Landed States Abolition Act 1950. Ok? So Big Landed State What was stated in the Abolition Act that whoever You were working like this until now, right? That is part of a larger land. This piece Is. Ok? Who does this belong to? She belongs to a big landlord. What was this landlordism turned into? Son? It was abolished. Ok? And This land was transferred to There were two tillers. Ok? Land to the Tillers. Land to Tillers It is also known as Act. End When this land was transferred, the land There is no compensation for the Lord here. Was found. No compensation, no money was Granted in exchange. that we have your land If you give it to the tailor, you will get it in return. We would have given you a little money. at all like that Was not there. No compensation was given and the land Whatever they had was also gone. Correct? Now look What did you tell me next, son? Irrigation Key Talking about development. What is irrigation, son? look at that here Martand Canal, Ranbir Isn't it a canal? Meaning that a water Canals were built to irrigate the fields Water can be given properly. Ok? So Development of some things here too Was seen. So what did we see first? Son? that the Department of Irrigation set up Improved water use. Ok? means one The department was created. What was that? Department of Irrigation. so that very good Water can be used here in a way and Water wastage should be reduced. What was the result? that agricultural production which was dear Children, it had increased. obviously If you put effort into anything Then you will see the result. Here are some such canals already exist What is the name of the person who was doing this? First of all I just told you about Ranbir Canal. Second Dear children, Pratap Canal. which one is it Son? Pratap Canal. Then you will see Martand Canal. Ok? Martand Canal already In use since Maharajas time. Ok? Now there are also cooperatives here, dear Children's cooperative societies which are also It was made. What was their purpose, brother? Whatever deputies etc. there are here, What can I do with a little bit here? For him Can handle it here. Ok? and Joe Crops There are people who can finance it. Ok No? I can insure it so that if ever Whatever crops they have, if they ever What will happen to the children if something goes wrong? Whatever amount it amounts to He gave the minimum amount to that farmer. so that he is not at a loss at all. Let's go. OK then it was told provide land On lease land to him, dear children, one It is given after paying the agreement. Anchorage Timely repayments. Ok? that you have a lot This thing has to be taken care of more carefully That you pay your EMI on time. from back Pay because what will happen if you do this? Son? You have no further information on that. And there will be no increase. Ok? Absolutely You will not feel interested and you will not get that much It won't take time to clear that department. For. But due to mismanagement and mismanagement Administration Cooperatives Could Not Contribute much to the economy. inside it So much scam started happening that more These people could not contribute to the economy. Inside. Ok? Now you have modern education, son. If we talk about modern education then What was said about 35% off the annual The budget was spent on the education and the infrastructure, i.e. schools, Buildings are here to build all this. Dear children, what has been done? 35% of the budget 35% of it used to come here on top of this. was spent. Agricultural Education Made compulsory in village schools. Ok? Now It was told that the text book we had An advisory board was formed for that In 1948, the Text Book Advisory Board By name. Okay, right? To prepare new Books for Contemporary Needs. Okay, right? that new books were created Go here. If we go further, son, you'll know. It will work out how the industrial There was a sector, that is, the industries that How are the lovely children promoted here? Was done. What did the government do? The government promoted industries. What did the second government do, son? Give Promoted Industries. Ok? Such as Silk industry was established, woolen factories It's done here dear children. These here But it was modernized. That means new The machinery was provided here. Ok? Whom you can call son Technology. After the advent of technology Here's where things changed a little bit and we have Was. It had become modernized. It was corrected. Ok? Now what did this leave us with? The more the more Jammu and There will be an establishment inside Kashmir. also from this factory of factory to us What will happen son? There should be job creation Will go. It will lead to job creation. Correct Is? very good. Watch Now Shift in the Politics 1953 1953 That if we talk about son, then here there is one There was a very good political shift. Ok? in which it was said that the You have Sheikh Abdullah who was there during that time period What were I in? You had become the head of the state. So Sheikh Abdullah here But the issues were raised. issues of self Determination of Jammu and Kashmir. whose Because of your India here It is the government, so why should it have any doubts? It got stuck here on the ruling. Correct Isn't it? What did they want? This autonomy wanted to. He wanted all the powers to himself. So what was done about it here? Was? He was arrested in 1953. Inside. Ok? And lock them up in jail Gave. Did you understand? I mean, in 1953 We have Sheikh Abdullah here What had the children been done to? put in jail Was given. And now after his departure in 1953 There is a new Prime Minister in front Let's come. This is the shift that is politics. I had to see us. So what was said Son? that Ghulam Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad who He has become the new Prime Minister of Jammu And Kashmir K. Okay, right? When? In 1953. Now see what policies Bakshi had brought. By Ghulam Mohammad. You have seen so far that All the things we discussed Whose was that? About whom? The Sheikh What happened after Abdullah's arrival? I changed all those things. Now we things What will you see son, who left you a slave? Mohammad ji is Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad sahab What policies came after their arrival? First of all he paid attention to economic On development. Okay, right? that the economy Boost. Increase GDP. Why? Because the higher the GDP, the More progress will be considered here. To make more changes in agriculture Tried to do something that would benefit people. Ok? Then it was said here that as much as There are buildings, roads, all of these It should be developed and made better. And some major programs he did here Had launched on it. Final infrastructure And he also talked about tourism. A lot of attention was given to the lovely children. Okay, right? Now look Regarding economic development, he What did you do son? of economic development When we talk, what did you say here? It has been said that it was a tool for welfare and Self-sufficiency of Jammu and Kashmir. That If the economy is boosted then here Whatever the population living there is, what is it? Will you stay son? that happy, happy way She can stay here from now on. And the people who are We are so productive here. This much Well, whatever it is, they can do that work. You can feed yourself. on your own They may depend. Self-Sufficiency Can create Jammu and Kashmir Inside. They don't need anyone else anymore Will have to. They took financial help from Government of India. So settle this thing Whose help did he take to do this? Son? Of the Government of India. Now some He launched development policies For agriculture, for industries, infrastructure and even tourism He did a lot of things for me too, son. Was. What was the situation when it came to agriculture? Son? He further expanded irrigation He took it to the level. He built canals More here dear children Expansion Curry. Fertilizers can be purchased here Was brought. Isn't it? All your farmers There were as many farmers. Ok? as many They were farmers, son, they knew modern techniques. told about. They love modern about children's methods or techniques told. One of these modern methods What do you know, son? Use of the Fertilizers. Use of the fertilizers. And if you What will come next if you watch it, son? H YV Seeds. What happened to H Y V Seeds? High Yielding Variety Seeds. Seeds High Yielding Variety Seeds. Ok? of good quality Here are the seeds to use them. But the thing is that it was taught to them. Ok? And what was the focus on as well? Was? On modern irrigation. On what son? On modern irrigation. Ok? Come on, very good. Now next to your What will come near you, son? Infrastructure in Development is about focusing on what is here. Was given. Isn't it? to the infrastructure To do even better, they Roads were built and hospitals were constructed. of. Hydraulic projects here Lots of lovely children were created. That means that You must have seen that water reservoirs are made Let's go. What are you doing son? Water Reservoirs. What do you say to them? Dams You speak. These are the water reservoirs of What is the role, son? what do they do We have? It stores water behind it. We keep it done. stop it from flowing further Are. Okay, right? It acts as a barrier We do. So what energy is coming here? Are you going son? This water comes here Potential energy inside. Ok? and then When this water is allowed to flow from here goes. Due to which the turbine runs Yes, son, isn't he? which runs the turbine What it is here is that it changes kinetic Inside Energy. Ok? In which son? These Moving Water Kinetic Energy. then from here comes from the rotation of your turbine mechanical energy and finally this is what you be converted into electric energy She goes. That means we get electricity. She goes. So on top of all these things He paid attention and then saw We have ensured electricity in Jammu and Kashmir. How quickly production started. Correct? Then next it was told son that Major And which other programs did you bring? One So he did community development. The program was brought by CDP and Intensive Agricultural Development Programme i.e. IADP. So you can say that IADP Plus CDP, these are much more What is important were the plans which He had done lunch. And IADP so very What was more, dear children, successful was also there. Now if we look at the infrastructure, that is Buildings and tourism So what did they do inside it? Son? During his time period, Joe Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad is from this time period. Banihal Tunnel in 1918 It was constructed by. and this This was a huge achievement of this time. Correct Isn't it? Now what was told next that Tourism was also given a boost. Let's go to Kashmir The campaign was launched. in a very excellent way It was launched and a lot was said about it. There was heavy advertising. Okay, right? Air The service came here. Youth hostels and Together with dear children, hotel industry He revived it here. Kashmir Let's see what we saw after the campaign. There are many places inside Kashmir when Kashmir is He made it grow so much that All over India it is about What did we see when the discussion started? Son, what do we have in Kashmir? The shooting of the film had also started. It started happening here, right? What we have next is the growth of the In what way is modern education new? Education is what we talk about here. How is modern education imparted to children here? It spreads. Ok? So what did we See son that network of schools or Scholarships. Ok? Network of schools Made. Brought scholarships for children. New He had brought the text book. And we Did you see that during this time period What did we have of Wumus? in college The rise was seen. Saw their entry Inside medical and engineering colleges Too. And if we talk about 1955, son. Education policy here GM Sadiq Sahab It was created by. Who made it? GM Sadiq had made the education policy. Now Keep in mind that GM Sadiq's name may come up in the future too. Going to do. Okay, right? So GM Sadiq It was created here because of which education is More inside Jammu and Kashmir It got better. Son, here he tribal people what we have Son? Cannot go to schools. So for these Mobile schools were created. Look at this. What are mobile schools? Children? that where we have a school if If children cannot go to school, then the school must Take it to the children. understood? So as many as We also have a tribal population for them. Build such schools, organize camps in schools Where the children benefited a lot. Now basically the question is being asked what is its purpose What was it? What Was the M? So what is it son? Was? Liberal Educated and Socially Equal Society. A society where people who What are you? You should be a little open minded. They Do you want to accept the changes? people Live together with. and such a society Make it based on equality. Ok? Then what we saw was that women's education What have we got here? women's As education rose here, its Along with this, gender rules also changed. The women had now entered our Inside the offices. which first stereotype It was that if we had it from the office or from outside If someone is earning or if someone in the family If there is a producing role, who will it be? Son? Producing Roll to Roll We Have It will be of mails. But when education here If it was given to everyone then what was seen son? That Women have also started going to offices here now. Had done it. I went to school, I went to college Was. Hospitals, hotels, etc. all these works We also need equal contribution from women. Got to see it. Then comes a very wonderful thing. Cultural policy and Organizations. So our cultural policy The pass was of 1944, so it was in that What was told? promoted in Was done son liberal modern. Ok? Tolerant outlook is a new thinking about I was talked about here. So first of all Watch Revitalized in 1944 as Cultural Congress and it was renamed in 1949 and here Kangpash whose journal Thi ok kangpush we have a journal Which was published here and Kang what does saffron mean okay so Saffron floor is available here under the name of Kangpash Dear children, I published a journal. Now there are some important writers About whom it is told Dinana Nadeem SA Zutshi Noor Mohammad Roshan Rahman Rahi and Amin Kamil. Ok? Now see Dogri organization also established. Was done. When son? In 1944 was established. This is also enough Actively working on more culture Were. He gave a lot to Dogri literature. Promote it more. Its also something like this There are prominent writers whose name is Professor Ramnath Shastri, Dinu Bhai Pant, Ram Ratan Sharma, Ravikant Sharma. So all these talked about social levels here Whatever bad things happened in the society at that time The period was going on so I started writing They talked about it inside. Correct Isn't it? Now here wake up Duggar wake up Duggar What do we have, son? Wake up Dugger. These It was brought to us in 1950. damp Consciousness means new beginnings or new Regarding Awakenings, we saw that it It was also published in 1953. Correct Is? Now there is institutional development. In what ways, what institutions Lovely children were created here. So Look at the celebration Kashmir has created here The lovely children were celebrated. Ok? What was celebrated? Jashn-e- Kashmir First Regional Cultural Festival. This The region's first cultural festival is held here. It was celebrated which was named Jashn Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art and Culture And the language which we introduced in 1958 What did you see son? got it installed Had gone. And it has given as much cultural He has activities inside one body brought. Now there is only one body Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Language. These Son, she sees everything by herself. Relates to culture. Okay, right? Any There were performances somewhere, someone Activities were done to boost the culture It became necessary for. So all those things are our This is what we see nearby. It Is Tide With Sahitya Academy, New Delhi. Isn't it? Who is it tied up with? a very large The organization is Sahitya Akademi with him. Its tie up is what it is. If we go further, So about the contributions of some writers Let's talk. first here Who has been mentioned, son? To all First let's talk about Dinana Nadeem In. He was a progressive Kashmiri poet. He was a very famous poet of Kashmir. Correct Is? The bombers were the Yambarjal. dear children here But what was told? Satire on its satire On Kashmir Miss Rule. Well then. above it He wrote a lot of things Was. Then the professor comes to us. Ramnath Shastri, known as the Father of Dogri Known by the name. Sahitya Akademi Received the award in 1976 for Bandi Dhian. Okay, right? Then what was said? It He was also awarded Padmashree. So this is a They have received many good awards. Were given. Talking about Rehman Rahi He is a very good poet and is quite famous. There are poems. Like Makhtinaama Government He has written about its policies here. I talked about it. Then there is Dino Bhai Pant, this one Modern Dogri was a trend setter. Isn't it? He introduced new things into Dogri here. But I had brought it. What are their works? vase. Ok? The city's first cow, then theirs here Dear children, Ayodhya in which these Received the Sahitya Akademi Award in 1985 Inside. Okay, right? Then look at our next What all comes near you? Next is our Pass Progressive Writing. And what else is new Were things written down? Son, which one? Did the writings come? New Literary Trend We have had existing systems since the mid-20th century. It happened. Whose major stress is here? Did you pay? Emphasis on which one did you do Did it happen son? Social Realism. Ok? that in society What things do we have going on? Nationalism was talked about. Social If there is any such thing inside the upliftment society field, is there any sector which we have Coming in the minority, we have It is said that he is being suppressed. Correct Is? Talked about it here to raise it Went. to bring it higher So that they do not feel alienated. not different Feel it. Ok? Through his literature, Through your writings. Next comes to us son now what Is? That's Your Second Fuzz, which dates back to 1965. Runs in 82. Look ahead. Now there are some political issues here too. Change will come. Why? Because brother in 1963 What happens is that Jo Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad He had resigned and had a plan Which was named Kamaraj Plan. What Was it son? It was Kamaraj's plan. Ok? We What did you see son? Kamaraj Plan in 1963 It was brought by Congress. And What the Congress said was that as many They are leaders with their respective posts. He should resign and give up his political The party is that is, the Congress and Work should be done to strengthen it. Ok No? Then what was told next that on 28th Feb 1964 has been mentioned. Ok? So 28 What happens in February 1964? Ghulam Mohammad Sadiq became the Prime Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. what to become Do you go to Ghulam Mohammad Sadiq? Son, this is the The Prime Minister goes. From where? Jammu And Kashmir K. I told you GM Remember Sadiq's name. This is the same GM Sadiq who has done a lot of work in education Had done things. Isn't it? I told you Remember their names. So now we have it The Prime Minister goes. That means now again Shifted from. Sheikh Abdullah went Bakshi Sahib came. When Bakshi Sahib left, our Who came near? GM Sadiq arrived. Ok? Now what happens here is that within 1965 Major constitutional changes take place. Who The title was Prime Minister, it was changed. Went to the Chief Minister and who is with you in the meeting It was a princely state and was named Governor. Ok? So after this what we have Dr Karan Singh has become the first Governor of Jammu and Kashmir. Isn't it? Dr. Karan Singh's son becomes the first governor. And we have Articles 356 and 357. Indian Constitution has been applied Went over Jammu and Kashmir. It will be good if Son, please tell me at least once. What do you think in the comments Which article do we have, 356 and 357 What is that? Ok? What is that? In that basically integration of Jammu and Kashmir has been discussed. Ok? His It has been talked about. You definitely me Tell us in the comment section. Then comes the next You have governance and liberalization. Ok? So, the government of Sadiq was The government of GM Sadiq Sahib was ours Many such reforms came here Like liberalization. Is it okay son? What has been told? Liberalization. that is Removal of the restrictions. like before The thinking that was there was continuing on old things. Was. It was very restricted. Now He made it liberal. That means freedom Gave a little. Freedom was given. Ok? Whatever activities one may do, they are political. Yes, it is economic, there are restrictions in it. Removed. These are guaranteed fundamental rights. Ok? That means those who were more public Participation was now visible. Insured Rule of Law and Respect for Rights and the Liberties. What was said? That Brother, if this is Sadiq Sahib, he said that within my time period, according to the law In future everyone will be treated equally. and everyone The rights and freedoms of Will be given. Ok? Now what are the steps? Did he choose? Abolition of Civil Liberty Scrubbed. Ok? And then I told Release of political prisoners. All the political prisoners who were He was thrown out of jail. disbanding off Special Police Organization which is your peace There was a brigade, it was disbanded. Ok? It was a symbol of repression. rebellion There was a symbol of. Ok? Then next we Saw the launch of Newspapers and General had begun. Because of which the public There are opinions and the debates that are in front It had started to happen. The thoughts of people What do they want from the government? All those things had come to light. And we What did you see son? What was the result of this A new era of freedom had arrived, accommodations Of and tolerance of. Now let's talk about agricultural here Over the Revolution. Isn't it? and what else Development took place in the rural areas Inside. So what was told son that focus Mostly it was kept for self-sufficiency Inside. Ok? We are doing so much in agriculture also. so that we can feed ourselves Export promotion is something that you can do outside of your control. Apart from growing it for your home, you also need to It should be exported abroad also. This Promoted Idea Co-op and Resource Generation. generate resources that are even more Too much was done. If we look first In this way of traditional farming farming was being done and when modern techniques I, Prosperity I, IADP Intensive Agricultural development programs were carried out There was son. So look how much people Good farming had started here. Ok? Look at modern inputs like I just gave you Told that they were used here also. As High Yielding Variety Seeds HYV Seeds was used. Manure means fertilizer which Hey dear children, it has started getting used now. Fertilizers here More here started being used in a different way. That means this is What do you have, son? Chemicals There are basically these. Isn't it? Multiple Cropping was promoted. Multiple Cropping means half of the same piece of land Put something on the section, and something else in the middle. Applied it, applied anything further. That means if a If the crop got spoiled then the rest grew You will get it, right? So this will benefit them even more. found. These were some of the techniques that The farmer started being protected from some loss. Went. Irrigation means water facility and It has been done well here. And here Joe Whatever tools he used to improve it given. IADP means you know Intensive Development Intensive Agriculture It was a development program. launched it Went. Ok? When? 61 62 inside end Expanded to many areas of Jammu and Kashmir. It was also brought to other areas Inside Jammu and Kashmir. Is it okay son? Now next you have horticulture. See What is horticulture, friend? where you are Who will you talk about? will you talk About the cultivation of fruits. So It was given a lot of special attention. Earlier we had some such situations and later What we saw in the son that too much Things went well here. Isn't it? Now The big gardens that people had, yours There will also be large gardens. Isn't it? please tell me me in the comments. Do you guys also Are there gardens? Buddy. So inside all these gardens Now we have seen changes, right? Because now Development was happening in a good way tools had come, facilities had come People were able to do good things here. But their profit is good now. It was starting to get better, okay Now let us talk about industrial development. that slowly the dear children of the industries Transformation seen inside as well Did you see his transformation, son? Also seen inside Ok all major industries were nationalized That means all the major, big things industries that they were bringing under the It is the control of the government, isn't it the government? He was now brought under the control of State supported handicrafts are fine The small scale industries were Industry and the manual work that was Supported Paper Mache What is Paper Mache Yes son, you have art using waste paper. To Make Decorative Items You May Have Seen that melts the paper completely with gum and glue That means instead of dissolving it in water, its It is treated like garbage, okay? Art is done with Fevicol means If it is pasted then its different Things are made that are adorable children Used for decorative purposes, it is okay Then what was told to you son, Basoli The painting was done, we had studied Basoli painting. This is a miniature painting Pahari Miniature The painting is fine with its bold lines and Famous for deep colours. primary colors are used in this. It is talked about. Ok? Then we saw Chikdi Wood Work Local This is Woodcraft which we have from Rajouri. Most of the local people do this due to Combs are made. made a comb goes. utensils are made and Decorative pieces are made. So all these What have you done to the handiwork, dear children? Went? And more promoted. Ok? They were promoted and these people Help was also provided. Export Promotion Wings It's set up so that these things can be made here. This stuff is being used inside the industries Not just here, but through the country Whatever is there, dear children, it has been exported go through the country, sell it and this All the people here are so lovely The children are going to work here. Can get help. Now, has their loan also been looked into? Son? Some changes were made in it. Subsidized loans were given to They had to pay very little interest. Ok? Given to promote employment so that People should be able to carry out their work better. What did we see together? New Huddle Power The project was built in China. In Upper Sindh, Salal and along the thermal Plants we saw that built up Where are you son? In Kalakot. Now comes Next you have educational reform. i.e What are the things in education? Dear children, there is new talk about it. We do. Now let's talk about the son first. Of text books. I already told you I have the text books that are here now. They were also changed. Isn't it? All India pattern text book like We talked about NCERT, right? NCERT The same was implemented here also. Emphasis on Nationhood and Secularism. Ok? What do they talk about in Believe in nationalism and together Whose son? About a secular state He talks. Ok? of the secular state talks about what children It is taught and promoted Secularism. Meaning that all religions are equal Respectable Uncle. Okay, right? Religions R Equal. Ok? and efforts to Streamline Working of State Educational System. Whatever the state has here The education system was there to make it better. Lots of efforts here for you dear children were imposed on. Okay, right? a little bit more Next let's see what the topic is. Commissions and reservations were introduced. at the same time If we talk about the period, son, of 1967 So a commission was set up here. Justice P.B. Gajendra Gadkar's beloved children in command Was seated. He has done some here Recommendations were given. Okay, right? Some? For communities. So look next we have Saw that in 1969 the Backward Classes Committee was here was set up in which Justice Wazir presided. Had done. Ok? It was formulated. And It Was Led to Revise the Reservation Policy. that the reservation policy was Dear children here to revise Under the supervision of Justice Wazar in command The backward class that he led This committee was set up in 1969. Now what was said about the 8% reservation? To whom should I give my son? Scheduled Cast To. Whom? To the scheduled caste. 8% Reservation for Scheduled Castes. 42 for the Backward classes under which your 2% It will be for Ladakh also. and Ladakh Development Committee dear children here Setup the one which will have 10 members. Will be done. for speedy development of Ladakh so that Ladakh is very fast So that development can take place. Next we look at employment and Talk about recruitment, talk about jobs In employment, basically we do jobs Let's talk. So what was made here? Were? Subordinate state within the state Subordinate Selection Boards were formed which Whom do you help? within the state service For recruitment. If you want to get a job In today's time period, we talk about Of JKSSB. What we saw then was that Varies within states and districts boards were set up that would Used to recruit cute kids nearby Were of the people. Ok? to State Subordinate A selection board was formed and At the district level, we observed that District Selection Board had come For district level service. Employment exchanges are set up every in a district so that as much as He is an unemployed youth, what should he get? Son? He should get a good job. Then there is the anti-corruption major. Now you know that friend, if there are so many things inside the state Things are coming what they are. There are new changes What will happen if it remains here? nowhere There is also corruption at small levels. will be. So to curb this corruption Anti-Corruption Commission was created to eliminate it. Went. Isn't it? So now inside the state you Anti-corruption commission will be seen. This I got a lot of powers. End Central Vigilance Committee here dear Children set up to monitor anti-corruption work. that we are against corruption and we will stop it. What things are happening for Central Vigilance Committee here dear The children will see it. And if there is corruption If it is visible somewhere then who will see it? State Anti Corruption Commission against him I will take strict action. Ok? Let's go next son. back here now You will see changes in leadership from Will meet. What will happen now son? here What will happen is that now within 1971, Inside Syed Mir Qasim Syed Mir Qasim Dear children become Chief Ministers Inside Jammu and Kashmir. Because GM Sadiq dies. Due to Loss of the leader now new chief minister Mir Qasim They are made here. Their government Has it continued for a long time? Agriculture. Ok? The government that they had Did a lot of things here. Industry over agriculture Hydropower Projects. Ok? which is already running Worked on it in the best possible way From. Now there comes a special time period here In which in 1974 you will find Indira Sheikh Accords will be visible. Indira Sheikh What does accord mean, brother, Sheikh is here Abdullah, who is already in jail for 53 years, It was posted, now that conversation is on. We will do it with Indira Gandhi. Big How are you watching the conversation? from inside the prison Hee chils conversation is happening. Ok? So what we saw, son, was that there was a The agreement came. Ok? 1974 November 13 Between Sheikh Abdullah and Indira Gandhi Here is a final version of the conversation that took place. The resolution came. Ok? What else was seen that Sheikh Abdullah abundantly demanded for Self-determination and autonomy. He Our demand was for autonomy. He gave up here. I left it. And in 1975 Sheikh Abdullah was here What will you become again, dear children? Are? Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir. Ok? Now let's get back to it. Look what has become Abdullah Sahib? Came back from back. here Becomes the Chief Minister. Ok? Now this What will we have? This is in power They will remain there until they die. And their Death happens to us within 1982. Whose focus did he get here? Streamlining, Administration and Economic reforms, peace restoration that What should happen here? may peace be restored From back. To restore all these things He had the work done upstairs. funny chapter Yes friend. I am not able to understand the meaning. How can I explain to you how much This is an excellent chapter. While reading this I never feel like something different or reading something that It is unrealistic. This is a very cheesy chapter. Do you understand? Good. So what did you say next? Son, what developments happened after that? Hui? When Sheikh Abdullah also died In 1982, his son Farooq Abdullah became the CM in 1983. Now, in 1984, the government that they had was dismissed and the GM who was Shah He was made CM. Ok? GM Shah Shah remember GM Sadiq he is dead Was. This GM Shah is different. Ok? these come We have it. and 196 1986 sorry 1986 The government of GM Shah who is inside He was also dismissed completely. End President rules here dear children It was imposed. From when to when? 6 from March to November, that is, from March November, so almost the entire year 1986 What happened? President's rule continued. and 1987 There are elections inside in which the lovely Children of National Conference and Congress An alliance. What is alliance, son? Where these two come together and what do they do? Are? Let's fight. So their alliance is here He wins. Ok? Did you understand? Their alliance is here He wins. But what is it? Eventually Here is the Rise of Terrorism in Jammu and It happens inside Kashmir. Late 18 Late within 1980 due to which again from 90 President's rule here in Laker 96 I felt like lovely children. Ok? and then What was seen? This is the reason for President's rule. In the time period we saw son this Appoint a Governor in Crisis Whose name was Jagmohan. Ok? He was appointed as the Governor here. And if we talk about 2005, PDP The Congress Coalition Government came here. Ok? in which the Major Administrative There were changes. That means eight new Districts were formed here. Eight New districts were created to Administration can be done better. And what else should be done to the powers, son? Decentralize it a little more. local Powers should be given at all levels also. Ok? So within the Jammu region, Kishtwar, Reasi, Samba and Ramban district here The form was made. and within the Kashmir region Dear children Bandipora, Shopian, Kulgam And Ganderbal was formed here. Now we move to 2019 in which we are now Let's talk about Third Fuzz. In Third Fuzz What have we been told, son? that which 5 It was August, wasn't it? Fifth of August 2019 What have we got in Parliament? Went? Parliament abrogated Article 370 Okay, Article 370 and Article 35A 370 And 35A is a very big historic decision. Son, what did you do here today? Both articles have been removed here. Gaya and Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act 2019 son, implement it here It's been done, right? one second okay now next what did you say Reconstitute Jammu and Kashmir was given to what was previously our statehood It ended here and the union Jammu and Kashmir was made a separate territory. And Union Territory of Ladakh separate. Correct Is? And who had all the provisions? of the We have the Indian Constitution Jammu and Kashmir became automatically applicable Even on Kashmir. Ok? And why tell about it separately Son? Because we saw that earlier Jammu and a separate constitution for Kashmir Used to be. They used to have their own flag Was. They have all the special things status was given to these people and here After the end of statehood, we have Now what is there is too much Things have become different, they have changed Have already. Okay, right? Now age really has no special status, our state I don't get to see ours. Next is the major benefits end Consequences. That is, the one who is in Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act came in 2019 inside which our state was It was removed and converted into a Union Territory. and Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh which Yes, that too was divided. So here What major benefits were seen? First of all, along with this, reservation here And let's talk about rights. Ok? So Was it told that a state of Jammu and Kashmir Reservation Bill 2019 dear children Reservation was extended within. Ok? Reservation here with this bill was extended. and EWS That is, economically weaker section of the What society do we have? him too Reservation in education has ended. Inside Government Jobs. That is, so far All the sections that were formed were minorities That there was another addition to it. that is EWS. There was an addition here. We have SC and STs and as many The deprived group were the Pahari speakers. Ok? West Pakistani Refugees, Valmikis, Gorkhas, these are also dear children Some rights were given separately here. Correct Is? Like in the rest of India These are given to them. Women's Co Property Right given. Ok? What did you get son? Women were now given property rights which It was not here before. Now later to Wumus Property rights were also given. Women who will marry us or marry Will do. Whose son? non-residents Previously lost their property rights. Meaning, earlier it used to be that if Jammu And what if you marry outside Kashmir? Will you go? rights over their property Those women used to get exhausted. But what have we seen now, son? After Reorganisation Act they have equal rights To inherit or transfer property. Did you understand? Now like rights to mails Used to meet. Similar rights here It started being given to females also. Now Next We saw that all the centers had lodges They were extended. Where are you son? Over Jammu and Kashmir. Ok? Such as The right which was under RTI Right to Information 2005 In which we saw that everything There was transparency. The one who is accountable is People could now ask for the answers they needed. From the government. Isn't it? Could have asked questions. And the government is now accountable here. It was held that you have to give answers to The People. So right to information here dear children who were implemented It was the law of the centre. Now in Jammu and Kashmir It was upstairs too. Then comes the right to education. It was brought to us in 2009. and after which we saw that the free end Compulsory education for children between six and 14 years of age They have the right to education under our Free education is available nearby. Ok? Then we saw what came out in POSCO 2012. That is protection of children from Sexual offenses. Implement this too It was done over Jammu and Kashmir. then there is Empowered local self-government. here There is talk of self-government, isn't it? That is, we saw that 73 and 74 constitutional amendments that It came to us and it was applied. What happened after this over Jammu and Kashmir What was it son, basically more The powers were decentralized i.e. What can we do now that we have more power? and broke it down into lower levels There was power which now extends from state to local. bodies were also given away okay like Panchayati Raj has come to us, Urban Local Bodies here, they are stronger That means the strengthening was done. BDC What is its full form? Block Development Council and DDC. What is DDC Do you have a son? District Development Council elections are being held here for the first time. They are located inside Jammu and Kashmir. End The local bodies here were given power. Went. They got funds. Ok? like the whole See you in India. So all these changes Here we get to see it. the same note Dear children, your chapter is complete. It happens. See you in your next chapter And here you have it dear kids WhatsApp Which is our official channel, you can watch it Scan and join quickly And by scanning this, son, you can Join the official Telegram group Can. So this was all for today's class. Hope you guys enjoyed the session. Love the session. I Love you guys and best of luck for your exams. Prepare in the best possible way. I am With you. And bye-bye.