Hi Students who are good at coming to online classes public education courses for citizens On this occasion the topic that will be delivered is a historical clue human rights. Let's start by doing a flip side of history. How did the concept of human rights start?
After Indonesia proclaimed independence, on August 17, 1945, on the international stage, a wave of decolonization was raging, especially in countries Asia and Africa after World War II. This wave of decolonization happened mainly between 1945 and 1990. 1960 which coincided with what was identified by Samuel Huntington as a second wave of democratization Why did the desire to determine one's own destiny grow and be free from various forms of oppression said to be a second wave of democratization this is associated with with the victory of Western democracies that have been in the Second World War This is also one of the reasons why the colonial past countries are inferior to the democratic system Apparently this democratization wave is accompanied by the commitment of the people to realize the rights of the people during the Second World War The momentum is the birth of the Human Rights Act of the United States, namely the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on December 10, 1948. Where, after all, do universal human rights begin? After World War II, it was clear that the horrors of the war should never be allowed to occur again.
Founded in 1945, the United Nations sought to prevent future atrocities by affirming, in its foundational charter, faith in fundamental human rights, the dignity and worth of the human person, and a commitment to promote better standards of life in larger freedom. This bill consists of 30 articles that contain the points of view of the National Association of Nations about the guarantee of human rights, including civil and political rights, as well as social, economic and cultural rights to everyone. Eleanor Roosevelt, the first female head of the HBBB Commission, who drafted this declaration, said, this is not a promise. In the future, this may become an international record. ...be able to take part in this celebration in St. Louis on Human Rights Day.
Ever since the Declaration of Human Rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, was passed... in Paris in 1948 on December the 10th, we have fostered the observance of this day not only in the United States but throughout the world. The objective is to make people everywhere conscious of the importance of human rights and freedoms. This declaration was then strengthened by the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights as well as the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights or International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. But thus the wave of decolonization, democratization, and international attention to human rights get a connection when the world enters the Cold War.
Do you still remember what the Cold War is? The term Cold War was introduced in 1947 by Bernard Baruch and Walter Liebman from Amikarsket. To draw the relationship between the two sovereign states, the United States and the United States of America. When the United States, which is associated with the Soviet Union, managed to defeat Germany in World War II, they finally understood the problem in trying to rebuild the world, especially Europe during the war. Then the Cold War happened between the two countries.
as the richest capitalist country with its allies which is called as the western bloc facing the Soviet Union the first communist country with its allies which is then called the eastern bloc in the world, the United States of America and the USSR who fought together as allies to defeat Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan. The USSR or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a vast area covering one sixth of the land surface of the planet. It is a federal state under a communist regime consisting of 15 republics and headed by a single party.
The United States of America is a liberal democracy based on capitalism. It has military edge being the only country in the world to have a military base. nuclear weapons and also votes the world's strongest industry and economy war went on from 1947 to 1991 showing a fierce competition between the two blocs in various fields of life first coalition military, second, ideology, psychology, and philosophy, third, military, industry, and technology development, fourth, in the field of defense, and fifth, nuclear and other weapons. The two-block conflict then spread all over the world when the United States built a defense against communism by forming a series of alliances with various countries, especially with countries in Western Europe, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Although the two powerful countries never fought, and directly conflict between the two has caused various wars and tensions both in the relationship between nations and in the language of the nation for example, the conflict between the two sovereign states provoked a local war such as the Korean War, the Soviet invasion of Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia and the conflict between the two The Cold War also contributed to the emergence of dictatorship in Greece and South America, causing the crisis of the Red Army and the crisis of the Middle East.
Another advantage is that Germany was divided into two parts, namely West Germany and East Germany. The Cold War began in the 1980s when the UN leader the Soviet, Mikhail Gorbachev launched the reformation program of the Verestroika and the Glasnost. Gorbachev's Perestroika When Mikhail Gorbachev assumed power in 1985, his goal was to bring the Soviet Union out of its economic and political deadlock while still preserving socialism. Instead, he unintentionally ignited the process that led to the collapse of the whole Soviet system. Background.
Mikhail Gorbachev was only 54 when he was elected General Secretary in March 1985. He brought fresh air and new thinking to the party. Perestroika and Glasnost. The Soviet model of a planned economy had come. completely fallen into crisis and Gorbachev was determined to launch large-scale reform campaigns perestroika restructuring and glasnost openness foreign policy new economic reforms demanded funds and russia could no longer keep up with the united states in the global arms race Gorbachev proposed to end the arms race and establish warmer diplomatic relations for this he repeatedly met with president Ronald Reagan and relations did and his power over East Europe and finally was abolished in 1991 students of Yang Budiman, let's see how the position of Indonesia when the lack of tension presents pressure black and white. Is it with us or with them that directs the enemy and the international war according to the goals of the country?
Indonesia's public that is in line with the fourth opening of the laws of the Basic Laws of 1905 Indonesia is trying to be consistent with the principles of human rights that are just and just in forced cooperation, namely to follow implement the world's principles based on independence, eternal peace and social justice. This principle is in line with the and goals of the National Union of Nations as follows to maintain the world peace build friendly relations between countries based on respect equality of rights and destiny and to work together to break international problems in the economy social, cultural, and humanitarian and in promoting and encouraging the respect of human rights In this context, the principles of humanity according to the mind of Pancasila become a synthesis between the supporters of the Declaration of Independence and the Communist Manifesto. In the book of Soekarno in the National Association, on September 30, 1960, T.W.
Ayu, who introduced Pancasila to the world, he criticized the view of the world. English philosopher Bertrand Russell who divided the world into two parts of the lesson Sorry Lord Russell I think God is more than a thousand million people of Asia and Africa and maybe also Latin American people who do not follow the teaching of the Communist Manifesto or Declaration of Independence that Indonesia is not led by both sides, not following the concept of war or communism. From our own experience and from our own history, something else grows, something that is much more appropriate, something that is much more suitable. Landa Soekarno concluded, we call something a pancasila. The ideas and ideas have been embedded in Indonesia Have emerged in our country for 2000 years of our civilization and for centuries of national prosperity Before imperialism overwhelmed us at a time of national weakness The choice of Indonesia's position to fight for the independence of Indonesia peace coexistence in the cold war atmosphere was summarized by Muhammad Hatta with the principle of active free foreign policy in his speech, he was among two stones of stone that were delivered to the body of the Central National Committee of the Central Committee in Yogyakarta in 1948 Muhammad Hatta with a to capture the potential internal conflict between elite groups as a source of external conflict after the agreement between Linggarjati and Renvir.
He concluded that the pro-contra of the two agreements between the newly independent Indonesian government and the Dutch government is actually a concrete picture of the international political dynamics that is colored by the political struggle between two powerful countries, the United States and the United States of America. To get out of the enemy's empty trap, Bung Hatta began to formulate a free foreign political agenda in determining his own choice without mixing any power. Seraya remains active in fighting for independence, peace and justice in international cooperation.
In a writing in the journal, international international open foreign affairs volume 53 number 3 April 14 1953 bung hatta revealed that foreign policy is free to act started with the effort to find answers to concrete questions Should the Indonesian people fight for independence with no other choice to understand except for pro-Russia or pro-America. The government believes that the position that Indonesia must take should not be a passive party in the international political arena, but become an active agent who has the right to determine its independence. The policy of the Republic of Indonesia must be based on its own interests, and must be carried out in accordance with the situation and facts that are faced.
In the assessment of Herbert Veyd and Lance Kastel in 1970, the statement of the treasure is the beginning of a full formulation of foreign policy called independent foreign policy. A non-bloc policy in the world's order that is colored by power blocks. The choice to sink between the two rocks pushed Indonesia to take an active role in promoting non-bloc movements. The term non-bloc was introduced by Prime Minister Nehru in his speech in Colombo, Sri Lanka when he held the Colombo Conference in 1994 as a preparation for the Asian-African Conference. At the Asian-American Conference in Bandung in 1965, which was attended by 29 countries, which represented more than half of the world's population at that time, countries that are not on the same block declared their desire to be not involved in the confrontation of Western and Eastern ideologies the founders of the non-block movement themselves are five world leaders as follows Soekarno, Indonesia President Joseph Prostito, Yugoslav President Gamal Abdul Nasher, Egyptian President, Javaharlal Pantlit of the Ministerial Prime Minister and the Prime Minister of Ghana.
Non-Block Movement was established based on 10 basic principles agreed in the Asia-Africa Conference known as the Bandung Basis. Salam, O people, welcome to the joy of independence The happy nature has arrived United, fighting Afro-Asia The war ghost is now gone The sun shines brightly The people are fighting students who are good at faith, that's our study this time, see you again at the next meeting, which will discuss the difference in the perspective of human rights, and I'll see you then.