[Applause] [Music] pneumonia is a nasty infection causing severe inflammation in the lungs and causing the lvi to fill with mucus fluid and debris now this extra fluid can make it harder to breathe so the memory trick just think P for pneumonia as P for a plague of inflammation inside the lungs that fills the elvi with fluid as you know the elvi is the place where gas exchange occurs so normally we breathe oxygen in and carbon dioxide out but with pneumonia all this fluid mucus and debris fills the lungs and leads to impaired gas exchange where CO2 can't get out and oxygen can't get in this results in hypoxia from that low oxygen and acidosis from too much carbon dioxide so just think carbon di acid since too much CO2 can put the body into acidosis and also impaired ventilation as the body tries desperately to get air through those fluid mucus filled lvi so write it down impaired gas exchange is typically the most tested nursing diagnosis for clients with pneumonia which leads to to ineffective breathing pattern as the body fights for air now for the signs and symptoms before you start memorizing just think of the patho here again P for pneumonia just think P for a plague of infection inside the lungs now write down these top six most tested key terms here number one is altered mental status we see restlessness agitation and confusion these three are the earliest signs of hypoxia so write them down because they are critical click here to check out our brand new app-based en clix product loaded with the highest quality N cleck Style practice questions and complete with detailed video rationals that break down the question for you so finally mastered all those darn select all the apply questions plus all our enclex memberships come included with our entire library of over a thousand videos and study guides and cheat sheets come see why over a 100,000 students have trusted their future to simplenursing.com click here to get started for free since it can lead to deadly respiratory failure now the brain is very sensitive to oxygen so these key words also cross over for other conditions where we have low oxygen in the brain like increased ICP and even Strokes now number two is fever key term here over 100.4 or 38° C always an enlex favorite and that loves to show up on examp number three is a productive cough with yellow sputum from that infection so again pneumonia just think that plag inside the lungs which leads to number four fine or coarse crackles upon oscilation from fluid and mucus filled lungs and then number five dnia that shortness of breath okay now the biggest sign that pneumonia is getting worse is key term putic chest pain with plural friction rub that must be reported to the hcp it's described as a sharp chest pain upon inspiration or breathing in or upon coughing now sometimes it's described as stabbing or burning pain inside the chest that increases upon inspiration or with the cough puracy is a major complication of pneumonia as inflam lung tissues rub together sounding kind of like rocks rubbing together so we call it Pebble friction rub for plural friction rub or even sounding like sandpaper rubbing together kind of like this so Kaplan mentions a plural friction rub is described as a gradient sound or vibrations heard during inspiration and expiration now other signs which are not really key include unequal chest expansion bronchial breath sounds which are high pitch sounds and tactile fortius this presents as more vibrations from a patient's back when repeating certain phrases and indicates denser or inflamed lung tissue now a common enlex question here thanks for watching for our full video and new quiz Bank click right up here to access your free trial and please consider subscribing to our YouTube channel last but not least a big thanks to our team of experts helping us make these great videos all right guys see you next time