GCSE PE Spirometry and Lung Volumes

Introduction

• Focus on understanding spirometer trace for exams.
• Spirometer: Device used to measure lung volumes.

Types of Lung Volumes

1. Tidal Volume (TV)

   • Breathing at rest.
   • Amount of air during normal inhalation while resting.
   • Illustrated by small dips in spirometer trace.
   • Increases during exercise to take in more oxygen and expel more CO2.

2. Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

   • Extra air inhaled on top of tidal volume.
   • Forced inhalation beyond normal resting breaths.

3. Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

   • Extra air exhaled on top of tidal volume.
   • Forced exhalation beyond normal breaths.

4. Residual Volume (RV)

   • Air remaining in lungs after exhalation.
   • Constant, never changes regardless of inhalation or exhalation depth.

Spirometer Trace at Rest vs. Exercise

• At rest: Normal tidal volume with small wave patterns.
• During exercise:
  • Tidal volume increases.
  • Inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes decrease.
  • Larger breathing volumes due to increased oxygen intake and CO2 expulsion.

Conclusion

• Understanding these lung volumes is crucial for interpreting spirometer traces in exams.
• Encouragement to ask questions for clarifications.
• Best wishes for exam preparations.