Maxillary Canine Overview

Introduction

• Maxillary canine is the third tooth from the midline in each maxillary quadrant.
• Known as the "cornerstone" of the dental arch.
  • Strategic position
  • Strong root
  • Guidance function during occlusion
• Key roles:
  • Aesthetics
  • Speech
  • Mastication

Universal Numbering

• Right Maxillary Canine: #6
• Left Maxillary Canine: #11

Chronology

• Eruption: 11-12 years
• Root Completion: 13-15 years

Morphological Features

Crown Features

• Pentagonal shape from labial view.
• Longest tooth in the oral cavity.
• Labial surface:
  • Smooth with a well-developed middle labial lobe.
  • Forms the canine ridge.
• Mesial cusp slope is shorter than the distal cusp slope.
• Lingual surface features:
  • Well-defined cingulum
  • Lingual ridge
  • Marginal ridges creating two lingual fossae

Root

• Single, longest, and strongest root of all teeth.
• Conical shape with a pointed apex; may show distal curvature.
• May show longitudinal grooves for periodontal ligament attachment.

Proximal Views

• Mesial outline is convex in the cervical third, then becomes flat.
• Distal outline is more convex than the mesial.
• CEJ curves more incisally on the mesial than the distal.
• Appears wedge-shaped from the proximal aspect.

Occlusion & Function

• Involved in canine guidance during lateral movements.
• Supports lip and facial musculature, contributing to facial aesthetics.
• Tears food due to pointed cusp.

Clinical Importance

• Its long root makes it commonly used in orthodontic anchorage.
• Often impacted if arch space is insufficient.
• Important landmark in various dental and surgical procedures.

Conclusion

• The maxillary canine is a unique and essential tooth due to its functional and aesthetic significance.
• Its morphology, strength, and position make it crucial in the permanent dentition.