masculine and feminine are not the same as male and female they are the latinized words that are used for manlike and woman likee so for example a man can be called feminine and a woman can be called masculine in anthropology since about the 1930s U there has been studies of the variety of role divisions between the genders in different societies and very important role here has been played by the young uh female American Anthropologist Margaret meat it's interesting that from the sixth Dimension this is the only one where it matters whether the information comes from women or from Men in the other dimensions whether you collect your data from women or from men you get the same position of the dimensions the definition masculinity is society in which emotional gender roles are distinct I'm not talking about social gender roles because they have a lot to do with the wealth of the country but I'm talking about the emotional role what you should feel being born as a boy or being born as a girl and the boys should be assertive and tough and focused on material success and the women should be focused on the quality of life uh I call Society feminine if this role separation is not there or it is weaker at least so that especially men are also supposed at times to be modest and tender and focused on the quality of life uh now I'm opposing feminine societies to masculine societies most societies are somewhere in between in feminine societies people try to balance family and work in masculine societies work clearly prevails over the family and um work is an acceptable uh excuse to neglect the family and family is of course not an acceptable excuse to neglect your work within the family in masculine Society fathers should deal with facts and mothers should deal with feelings and if the children are hurt they should go to Mama in the feminine societies both father and mother should deal with facts and feeding so you may go to Mama for facts and you may go to Papa if you're hurt masculine societies admire the strong feminine societies are jealous of High Flyers and especially in the Nordic countries Denmark Sweden Norway they have a word for this yente laen it means the law of yente and yente is a name of a little town from a novel that describes how the people in the little town we so jealous of somebody who came in who is the author of the novel in masculine societies people this day in the weak in feminine societies they have sympathy for the weak in masculine societies girls cry but boys should not cry boys fight but girls should not fight in femin in societies both boys and girls May Cry but neither should fight in religion you have different religions or different flavors of religions in the masculine Society it focuses on God God the Father the powerful God and in feminine societies religion focuses on the fellow human being and finally obviously it's also related to sexual ual relationship and you could say that in the feminine Society sex is a way for a couple to relate uh in masculine societies sex is a way of Performing and often it is so that men is the subject and woman is the object now how do we measure the position of masculinity femininity all dimension for a society it can only be measured relative to other societies and we measure it in a masculinity index Mas and the scale goes from zero for the most feminine Society to 100 for the most masculine Society I have here a list of some 14 countries selected from the 76 for which we have scores and you see that this country with the highest masculinity score is Japan and also high on the masculinity side we find Italy and Mexico and China and Britain and Germany and the USA and on the other side we find the Arab countries just on that borderline we find France we find Russia we find Thailand Costa Rica Denmark and the Netherlands now which shows that there is no relationship at all between the wealth of a country and masculinity or femininity there are poor and Wealthy masculine countries and poor and Wealthy feminine countries now what can we do with those Mass scores well again we can correlate them with hard facts in society for example a few things that correlate significantly with masculinity femininity first of all the percentage of people who are functionally illiterate which means that they cannot read or write uh in masculine societies there are more functional illiterates than in feminine societies but also in masculine societies there are more people living below the poverty level than in feminine societies for the outside masculine societies spent a lesser part of their budget on eight too poor countries feminine societies spent a higher percentage of their budget on Aid to poor countries they have been surveys to see what people blame poverty on and in masculine societies there is a popular opinion that poverty is blamed on laziness it means that if people are poor is is because they are too lazy to work whereas on feminine societies poverty and to be blamed on simply bad luck in marketing there is a difference that clearly food Shoppers are women so advertising for example for food is done to a women public in feminine societies both men and women shop for food and finally uh something about the relationship uh between the employer and the employee when they are negotiating upon conditions then in masculine societies salary is clearly more important than leisure in feminine societies it is at least as Leisure is at least as important as salaries and in fact feminine societies tend to have longer vacations than masculine societies and at the last point in social media has been proven that in masculine societies people use the social media for fact Gathering and in feminine societies they use it more for Rapport building for developing relationships with other users do masculinity scores change over time they are transferred to the children in the family with obviously father and mother as role models and like for the other dimensions the country differences expressed in the mour tend to be rooted in history I have an interesting example from the 16th century which is so some one author compared at that time two maritim Powers Britain and Holland and compared them to a couple where Britain was the man and Holland was the woman this is still the position Britain is a masculine country and the Netherlands are a feminine country the database that we used for comparing um the Generations on power distance and individualism collectivism unfortunately does not allow to compare the masculinity femininity Dimensions because it is the world value survey an American survey and it does not contain in its questionnaire values related to the feminine pole of the dimension and if you have only one pole you cannot measure a dimension in the USA the word femininity is a taboo USA is of course a very masculine country and what is a taboo a taboo is an expression of a very strong value a value so strong that the word should even not be used so my conclusion is that for for lack of other evidence I consider masculinity and femininity at the societal level as stable as the other dimensions