Bias-Free Language

Introduction

The American Psychological Association (APA) emphasizes the importance of using inclusive and respectful language.
APA Style requires writers to use bias-free language in their writing to avoid perpetuating prejudicial beliefs or demeaning attitudes.
Writers should check for bias in the same way they check for spelling and grammar errors.

General Guidelines: Apply to writing about people without bias across various topics.
Specific Guidelines: Address characteristics like age, disability, gender, research participation, racial and ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality.
Recommendations are developed by panels of experts within APA's bias-free language committees.

Inclusive Language Guide: Offers detailed guidelines for inclusive communication.
Journal Article Reporting Standards for Race, Ethnicity, and Culture (JARS-Rec): Provides standards for reporting on race, ethnicity, and culture.
Bias-free language information can be found in:
- Publication Manual, 7th Edition: Chapter 5
- Concise Guide: Chapter 3

General Principles for Reducing Bias: Core guidelines for bias-free writing.
Historical Context: Understanding the history of bias in language.
Age, Disability, and Gender: Guidelines for addressing these specific characteristics respectfully.
Participation in Research: Ensures respectful language regarding research participants.
Racial and Ethnic Identity: Guidelines for addressing racial and ethnic groups fairly.
Sexual Orientation and Socioeconomic Status: Respectful language guidelines for these areas.
Intersectionality: Understanding and addressing overlapping social identities and related biases.

Academic Writer: APA's resource for mastering academic writing.
Course Adoption: For educators teaching APA Style.
Journal Article Reporting Standards: Guidelines for effective scientific communication.

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- Telephone: (800) 374-2721; (202) 336-5500
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Last Updated: November 2023
Date Created: August 2019

APA. (2023). Bias-free language. APA Style Guidelines