hello everybody Welcome to our class crop science uh a 101 um this is Dr Idol mmari this is the first lecture we're going to take I hope we're going to have like um amazing uh semester together so I hope you all like you enjoy my classes uh anyway uh I believe so you already watched the uh first lecture which is introduce yourself and uh like to meet the other student if you didn't do it like please go back and watch that like a video and at the same time uh do your assignment so we know each other like we have like discussion port and other assignment together so we might like having a zoom uh lecture Zoom meeting uh one time so we're going to set up that one we going to see uh use like a system called Doodles which is um how you manage um your time you see what is the best like time to meet other people so we can have a lecture uh during our like class's time but anyway right now uh we're going to start our uh class uh crop science 101 and this is the first lecture which is a crop and people so we we talking about the crop what is the crop doesn't me like the first thing in our introduction is the plant essential to all form of life of the earth like um we know all that crop is a main important thing for the human but also uh very important for the nature and for uh animals too so um as you can see it's like like um the the plant is a source for food and fiber and fuel at the same time the construction materials and the extract uh of diversity which is like a very important thing those are the main important thing essential thing for General when we talking about plant in general um uh the crop can be like to produce food nutritions even for human for livestock or like fiber that we can use it make cloes make uh a lot of things and the fuel uh that we use as a consumption conservation of natural resource and pollution control which is like uh a plant can be uh grow to reduce the pollution and also uh and can have uh like a good thing for Oriental like for example uh Beauty and something we can to like benefit from it there are right now many like agricultural system they are like trying to develop to mimic in the nature how God like can create us and create a plant animals and microorganisms how all that like going together we might like have discussion about that in the future but in this leure are we going to take like why is that important and why crop is important Landscaping one of the beauty like a beautification and Recreation that usually human looking for and for that reason um like uh you can have like a golf side you can have like a park uh like to enjoy your time relax and walk in do some exercise outside do some activity uh Recreation maybe U for hunting or the other stuff those are like different things that we can use from nature like the essential important thing for the plant but you know that a plant is very important like plant only convert the radi like light energy into a chemical energy through the process called the photosythesis we all know that a photos scientist is only the way that like convert the light to energy that able we can use it like as a human or animals or the other like uh creatures like for example it doesn't have to be uh something we can benefit directly from but it's very important for nature for example algaes they can produce the whole oxygen in the whole world that exist in the ocean the have like chlorophyll they making like a photosciences which is very important and they are like source of food they can eat uh eaten by like small creatures and the creatures eaten by fishes and we eat that fishes so um anyway that all that involve in uh the food chain and the reaction like of all the energy transfer from source to another source for example uh we eat animals like we eat cows beef like um lamb chicken all the they eating vegetables they eating seeds they eating like fruits other stuff and those they can adjust like um digestible all the different type of um like fiber for example cellulose um we cannot like do that but so they can convert that immediately to their body so we can benefit from that one and they are like and convert like the energy they change from shape to another shape but uh without like this process we would not be able to obtain energy needed to survive and which is we gain through uh what we eat like that the plant the grain the meat um all that stuff uh even like Deary stuff like eggs all things those are very important um they are coming from the plant source as a plant energy so the light is creating by the plant like changing like a plant create like energy from that one making uh carbohydrate sugars and we eat that sugars other animals like a product like consume the plant material and we consume the animals meat develop of the Agricultural production method which is like um that the first one there is like a few things we have to understand um few concept I don't need like to take a long time uh as the beginning of as a first lecture but we have to understand like a few things and we will study that like um and we will expand it our knowledge in the future and a few lectures about all those information for example the first one is this sub uh substance uh agriculture which is producing enough like food for a need of the family and extended family or extended family for example you have like a small land and you want to like um provide like some food like to um give like a a few things diversity you can grow like a little bit of vegetable a little a little bit of fruit a little bit of grain or few things like that you can Harvest you can feed your family you can like fear feed also the extended family it might but you cannot like produce everything that's that's the main point but it's just like um like it's sustainable let's give you what you need mostly but you can uh um uh you cannot like uh rely only in and those like uh part of the substance agriculture the other part is the Commerical which is agricultural uh deliberate uh creations of surplus to be sold for profit like it's um this case like we need just to make a money which is like uh how you going to like produce something to the market and get money from the market um so that's like we looking for profit we not looking for sustaining uh our family but also we looking for uh money uh get back to our uh um source which is a very important thing extensive agriculture which is obtain maximum return from each unit of Labor int invested and that one extensive that mean um trying to maximize the Agriculture and that's like a good pack return and of the labor invested uh it's a little bit like more complicated than commical one which is has a lot of activities we going to like explain more and there is the like intensive agricultural maximize profit through the investment of the large amount of porches input and labor so that's like um when is like involving uh a lot of equipment a lot of machines uh a lot of products like uh manufacturers they can process for example uh let's take an example of tomato and the first one you produce tomato for just a family and extended family can give also your neighbors and something like that or you can a little bit make like a little bit profit if you have any extra you can sell that in like local market Comal one which is like agriculture that's mean a little bit increasing like providing tomato to the market Harvest Time After Time like per weeks or sorry bare week or like sometimes like two times per week and deliver that to the market and you have like a uh special market for that one extensive like you might like have okay tomato but is going to be like a local region like for example uh we live in Kansas so that one is you going delivery like um uh to the market and canels but intensive that mean you can like do some some other BR different product for example uh tomato sauce or tomato paste or tomato like for the whole market so you need like a big machines to harvest the whole field in this same units like have a different variety like for example they arriving at the same time you need like to harvest that and deliver that to the market um so the other thing is like a crop variety development uh that's a very important thing so selection is one the key that we develop our uh crops um in agriculture different IAL uh reproductions of a species um by choosing what seed to save or what plant animal to breed like those those are like the very important thing we trying to keep and we try like to develop U mostly when allows like used to keep uh genes that we uh uh desire for that plant or that animal for example if they have like specific thing like um if they are um have a good seed or have a good like um flavor or they have like a good vitamins or they have a good characteristic without we are looking for so we going to like trying to keep that Gene going on in the the the um uh in uh the plant that we look for or the animal that looking for so for example increasing the milk U reduced milk by cows like for example um they can be like have a different Gene and that Gene will uh like increase the amount of milk that will be can be produced which is very important that's like increase the profit uh for sure but and also sometimes we avoid like to having uh some genes like for example as you can see in this picture there is a uh like a corn uh the jeans is like just a sequence of the DNA which is like can be like this sequence here or they can be the sequence from this side or the other side and they are like reaction they given like uh the DNA uh copying by the RNA RNA messenger they will go to the ribosome the other part of the cell and that will be start creating protein which is a very important and sometimes those gene they suppress like a different thing for example as you can see in this picture the seeds are desirable U but this one is not completely desirable not even they having good protein or the good sorry the good nutritions or carbohydrate but they are like not desirable at all selection or mutation and mutation causes lose of genetic information sometimes um they are like different but uh cannot like create a new genes like that obviously will not happen so we can take genes like from plant for example sequence from here to here and put that in new plant or new animal so that like cell they can like copy the gene but it's not Crea in your genes that's that's impossible the gene must be already be present like in some other organism so they can this how they copy it and take it put it to the other plant that maybe well we talk in the future about like uh what is the difference between genetic engineering and the GMO and there's a few things like that selection uh criteria it's like very important thing like for example they can be selected for um uh seed or the fruit size uh for example you can like which one is more better better like um the small seed of wheat or big seeds and maybe like a big seed is good like that doesn't like show exactly what we know what but for example if you have like the grae uh maybe big like fruit of the grape or beaches or arcate it's better than small one um it's and even in the market the price is like more desire like it's like the seeds or the fruit size is a very very important thing also uh easy of harvesting like sometimes um I remember from like my master degree we uh growing like uh okra and okra like it's like the market desire it's just a small okra not the big size and the over if you left the fruit just one day one day it's going like from like 1 cm or 2 cm um they will be double like 10 to 12 CM and that's like it's not desirable in the market most of the market in United States they are a little bit different they have a little bit different taste but they are required like to have any small one so the fruit size is a very important to understand what is the difference also okra when you harvest they make it easy Harvest they have like spine and that like they create like uh a new variety they are spineless which is it has less spine which is a make it difficult for the people to harvest it manually usually okra doesn't Harvest it by mechanical it's like harvested manually and which is like make it difficult to touch by hand it's like um they have L chemical reaction in your hand and that will be make it difficult so um selections created like uh try to find a new variety that um make it easy to harvest that's a very important part taste also um how you can like find like a different Taste of like fruits or vegetables or something like that we know all the varieties they have like a different taste so you can like a little bit adjust that so um I believe so in Washington State University they create a new uh variety which is that variety can be um a little bit sour in the edge but at the same time it's sweet like uh for example uh honey crisp honey crisp is is amazing one it's not like from Washington State but it's a like have the sweetness and the sour at the same time it's like make it taste different so that's like gening like created like when it's they do the breathing or selections they choose something different so that's a very important thing maybe another thing is like um they can be a lot of poisonous um some type of corn they have like a purple color they are like having reach they are reach Rich sorry they are rich in nutritions but at the same time is to poisonous uh to uh human if you don't like cook it in the right way that will be uh like making a lot of problems but they usually they uh trying to find the gene that responsible for buisness and they take that Gene out from the plant so they make it like more eatable and more uh profit have Rich nutritions for the human easy of Transportation transport and storage uh that's a very important thing so um before we go to the transportation and the storage uh I would go back to a poisonous uh they can be like also um there is another thing it's um uh very important to see which is like um uh can be um like take that Gene added that to the plant to make it more like have nutritions more than the other one like for example rice it's not about poisons but it's like how to make the other plant is more have vitamins and that can vitamins and prevent a lot of things easy to transport it uh for example um jeans that added to Tomato to make the Tomato St longer uh usually the Tomato when it's like harvested like as start mature it still have green color and that from that like Harvest day to the market day they can stay 18 days in a row also the way that they do do that like changing the genetic like trying to find like variety that can be more um resistance to like rening uh to make the life cycle for the fruit is long time storage uh the same thing there is like a few variety for example the Crimson uh Apple that create by Washington State University they uh you can leave that outside without like in in a normal temperature and they can stay for one year without like ripening they can be like eating they are good tast very well they need like they don't require a lot of things and like storage but anyway they can be added more uh factors to they cover it with a waxy uh layer or they can like bum like CO2 to reduce the respiration so make their life longer easy of processing like sometimes um some kind of food um need to be um like uh fruit uh like to need to be like going in like food process so they make it like an easy so for example uh if you the tomato have like a joint U that mean they uh will not be a good for uh manufacturing which is like the joint will be leave um the the piece of green and the Tomato which is making a problem while the other type of the Tomato they should be removed the whole thing just leave the food by itself which is make it easy for the plant to start the process and like uh making tomato sauce and other things at the same time uh from selections we're going to see like the difference between the Tomato that can be harvested many times in the field but there is like a few types like for food processing um they grow that tomato for harvesting One Time by machines which is they should be ring at the same time like during one week whole field is going to be like prying ready for harvesting they harvest him with the mechanical the whole plant uh they take the plant out throw it uh recycle it in the soil but they take the fruit and the fruit should be like in fully colored at the same time so it should be like a maximize the yield at the same time um lower the waste which is when it's like have a selection um uh what you call that um like moving the green fruit outside of the uh yel and taking just only the red color which is the already rening so they can get inside the process closely related species usually when we talking about like Gene we take it like from the nature which is that one it's like allowed you to take genes from they are similar family we're going to take that in the future how is that related and the classification and what is the difference between uh how they we going to say like this one plant they are from the same family from they have the same genes maybe they are a little bit different but they have a ability for example if you want to take like um as you can see there are like a few things here um this one has uh any corn like has NAA but you a a BB where while this one is like a cc d d which is a uh genate uh goat grasses a little bit different but they are all the same like grasses but um they have related family and they can split like a a b b d d from this one here and they can take like a little bit uh they creating like a different variety different shape so those are the original um uh genes in the nature but if you like if they separate this one you're going to be create that one while they separate this one too they will create a new different one which is this one is more desirable than the others and that's like as you can see more seeds uh big seeds um and sometimes they are like having different uh few things they were are requirement for example if we talking about like a dwarf jeans um the other thing here is the source of ppal genes that like treated we desire especially with uh biotechnology for example if we when a move Gene like have a high resistance for um diseases for example uh that Gene will be like support the um the other plant which is make it like like a more resistant to that diseases and so we can look for the family original family and we can like take that Gene added it to this one desirable and make it like more butter like more resistance compared to the others um genetic variation like beneficial due to the presence of genes that will allow for adoptions uh or resistance uh to create uh to uh certain diseases or other harmful effect uh and still allow for the um uh con um connections uh of the species biological diversity and the other thing is we look to uh race like in like a like for world uh where a crop maybe have uh may have originally due to uh greater genetic variability in the crop present uh for breathing uh purposes um germoplasm which is the very important thing germa right now we can see a lot of different variety different plant and that Gene can be transferred in the nature with we might like affect the nature without like uh without purposes for example if we create uh that's one of the GMO problems they trying to take like genes from different plant they put it like for example wheat and that wheat will be like a good like producing everything we know that wheat it's like um um that can be like cross pollination that mean the pollen will be transferred from their flower to plant to another different plant if there any plant in the nature that like have related with the wheat and they are closed that Gene would might like transfer to that plant creating a new variety which is we don't need that that's a very important thing so how we going to like save that so the most important thing to keep the original genes which is what we call germal plasma the original genes we're going to keep the plant produce it like keep it in like storage places so we can prevent uh from losing the original type of genes that exist in the nation so um those are very important thing diversity uh useful for a future crop Improvement so when we keep the diversity like of those genes it's very important for the plant to keep it like for example um there's Russian weat effort like a 19 pound resistance at like a Val uh statute which is like um nor like weat Japanese aair like those are the the same uh um sorry um they can be like improved the plant uh agriculture um like in plant development those Gene of wheat like creative not creating they found like by Norman borlock borlock he is uh the green uh the father of the Green Revolution that happened in 1960 1970 which is change a lot of thing a lot of perspective and save a lot of food for a lot of people which is make it a good thing but at the same time uh the dwarf Jean semi dwarf Jee that's like uh that's benefit that's another different story but we going to go like take a look how is that going to be effective and we want to watch like how Norman Vlog like default of that one so the dwarf Jee usually um the wheat is too high a little bit have a long stems uh the uh the internal they grow like a little bit longer but they need it a little bit shorter to reduce the lodging which is like lay down the wheat in the field and that's like maybe losing like make it difficult to harvest unless you harvest manually and that's like a little bit difficult like um the machine will not like Harvest anything if it if all the uh wheat lay down so that's a problem uh but if it's like have the Gen dwarf Gene that means a little bit shorter shorter a little bit stronger than the others so they can stand and they are like able to harvest it easily Southern corn Leaf light that's another like type of disease genetically variability due to the narog genetic based on the uh all hybrids used uh the same male ster lime which is like reduced amount of um that's f it said he saved as many as 1 billion people from starvation his work has brought him worldwide recognition and the Nobel Peace Prize Norman borlock has dedicated his life to reversing food shortages around the globe he was born in 1914 and raised near the community of Cresco in Northeast Iowa where his Norwegian immigrant family farmed and where he learned about dedication from his grandfather I think my granddad taught me to be a rebel he said don't be afraid borlock and his two sisters attended a rural school where he learned early that people from different parts of the world shared basic needs and basic values he learned from his teachers to reach across ethnic racial and religious divides part of the students in this one room School were of Norwegian descent and part of bohim I learned early there that uh this ethnic thing was pretty artificial that the basic values were pretty much the same and Bor log learned determination first from his family and later from his high school wrestling Coach Dave bartela he always used to say to all of his wrestler if you aren't willing to give your best don't waste my time and the time of all of your classmates here give your best or get out advice Norman Boro would heed as he went off to the University of Minnesota where he became a star wrestler and earned a degree in forestry and a PhD in Plant Pathology in the mid 1940s the young agronomist was offered a job with the Rockefeller Foundation his charge was to help alleviate the food shortages in Mexico borlock was dismayed by by what he found when I arrived in Mexico no trained people nobody who knew how to do anything no equipment there had been three disaster stest epidemics and when I moved into this area in Sora the farmers wouldn't talk to anyone labeled a scientist I thought that I could come to the Rost room and receive the diploma and the gold medal of the Nobel Peace Prize for 19 borlock became the first person ever to win a Nobel Peace Prize for work in agriculture but even with the receipt of this most illustrious honor borlock didn't rest serving on the faculty of Texas A&M for more than two decades and partnering with other global leaders to continue to improve the lives of hungry and impoverished people around the world working closely with former President Jimmy Carter on the sasakawa Africa 2000 project project Dr Boro has sought to defeat the Staggering poverty malnutrition and disease that causes shocking mortality rates especially for children once again breakthrough achievements pressed by borlock have meant relief and salvation for Millions but one of borl Lo's most long-lasting achievements may be his founding of the world food prize to inspire further breakthroughs in alleviating poverty hunger and starvation borlock has returned to his roots in Iowa each October to present with Iowa philanthropist John Ruan the $250,000 world food prize known as the Nobel Prize for food and agriculture to an individual who has made a borlo type Discovery in helping Feed the World always the teacher borlo has developed his world food prize youth Institute into one of the most prestigious and effective programs for high school age students anywhere in the world each year sending borlock Ruan interns to Asia Africa and Latin America for lifechanging experiences and perhaps to inspire one of them to be the next Norman borlock each one gets the same advice Norm got as a young man when he set out on his journey don't be afraid do your best don't give up it was advice that changed the world and led Norman Boro to be the man who has saved more lives than any other person who is ever [Music] live it said he saved as many as 1 billion people from starvation his work has brought him worldwide recognition and the Nobel Peace Prize Norman Boro has dedicated his life to reversing food shortages around the globe he was born in 1914 and raised near the Comm of Cresco in Northeast Iowa where his Norwegian immigrant family farmed and where he learned about dedication from his grandfather I think my granddad taught me to be a rebel he said don't be afraid borlock and his two sisters attended a rural school where he learned early that people from different parts of the world shared basic needs and basic values he learned from his teachers to reach across ethnic racial and religious divides part of the students in this one room School were of Norwegian descent and part of bohim I learned early there that uh this ethnic thing was pretty artificial that the basic values were pretty much the same and Bor log learned determination first from his family and later from his high school wrestling Coach Dave bartela he always used to say to all of his wrestl if you aren't willing to give your best don't waste my time and the time of all of your classmates here give your best or get out advice Norman Boro would heed as he went off to the University of Minnesota where he became a star wrestler and earned a degree in forestry and a PhD in Plant Pathology in the mid 1940s the young agronomist was offered a job with the Rockefeller Foundation his charge was to help alleviate the food shortages in Mexico borlock was dismayed by what he found when I arrived in Mexico no trained people nobody who knew how to do anything no equipment there had been three disasterous stest epidemics and when I moved into this area in Sora the farmers wouldn't talk to anyone labeled a scientist I thought that I could come to the rostom and receive the diploma and the gold medal of the Nobel Peace Prize for 19 borlock became the first person ever to win a Nobel Peace Prize for work in agriculture but even with the receipt of this most illustrious honor borlo didn't rest serving on the faculty of Texas A&M for more than two decades and partnering with other global leaders to continue to improve the lives of hungry and impoverished people around the world working closely with former President Jimmy Carter on the sasakawa Africa 2000 project Dr borlo has sought to defeat the Staggering poverty malnutrition and disease that causes shocking mortality rates especially for children once again breakthrough achievements pressed by borlock have meant relief and salvation for Millions but one of borl Lo's most long-lasting achievements may be his founding of the world food prize to inspire further breakthroughs in alleviating poverty hunger and starvation borlock has returned to his roots in Iowa each October to present with Iowa philanthropist John Ruan the $250,000 world food prize known as the Nobel Prize for food and agriculture to an individual who has made a borlo type Discovery in helping Feed the World always the teacher borlo has developed his world food prize youth Institute into one of the most prestigious and effective programs for High School age students anywhere in the world each year sending borlock Ruan interns to Asia Africa and Latin America for lifechanging experiences and perhaps to inspire one of them to be the next Norman borlock each one gets the same advice Norm got as a young man when he set out on his journey don't be afraid do your best don't give up it was advice that changed the world world and led Norman Boro to be the man who has saved more lives than any other person who has ever [Music] lived so we watch like a normal belong and and how we he like he changed the world like uh food problems and he solve a lot of things but uh what is the concern like from there like why why we are Afraid from uh like having a different Gene different resistance different variety the problem is like U preserving the biological diversity we have to keep it like as we mentioned before like it's destruction of the natural ecosystem USDA uh National seed storage like laboratory like a that's closed in like fourth col Colorado and there is like a lot of places they can uh what we call germop plasma they keep the um the uh original genetic like Original Seed that found in the nature they do not like contaminated with a new genes or new things so that's very important to preserve that one like uh um keep those seeds like for nature and keep them like uh as long as we can um those Al so there is another one biod diversity International and roma Italy um that's a very big facility also keep uh the gene there political limitation to free access of Geral plasma sometimes like in a few countries is difficult like they don't allow the other countries to have their like germa plasma which is um for me understandable they are like want to reserve that one because a lot of people they trying uh like to find a new things in the nature they want to create that one they adopt that to themselves a lot of things happening behind that or sometimes politically it's difficult to change um people mind especially under like dictatorships ship or um other like different type of government anyway um genetic engineering one of the most important thing uh like an potential uh right which is like used to have a free exchange of the germa plasma and be able to build uh one uh the work of the others but this no longer applies of Commerical varieties the problem is like when you have um private company a private company they usually when you create something when you they find something they want to like have that to themselves they cannot like give that to other people uh I was working in agriculture Research Center in Libya for 3 years and we find a problem with tomato something called Tut absoluta which is the insect came from French and like travel to Tunisia from Tunisia travel to Libya we get our city from outside the country which is make it a little bit problem so we uh the market there is desire for like a certain like type of tomato which is a Roman tomato like that shape exactly but that one it doesn't like the variety that we have it it doesn't have resistance for those like insects so most of the grower there in the area they lose their tomato they lose their crop they lose a lot of money uh so when we try like to find the solution for that we build like a research we uh start looking for varieties around the world that they have more resistance they might like have a um different um marketing uh place so for example we target the local market but they as I mentioned they looking more for the um because like a misconception of the type of this variety uh they think that the other varie is came from like green houses the green hous that mean a lot of chemicals while we are what we seen um that tomato it has a lot of chemicals not the other one um that's because the grower practicing anyway that's not our topic today but what we I'm trying to say I'm trying to say here it's uh when we trying to find like a different type of variety we contact China Russia Mexican and other different countries to get those variety uh we contacting uh agricultureal research centers they are like very happy to provide the original seeds and we were like started contacting all those people and they are like we did a great job with that one but right now most of the variety it's like um under the copyright they canot like give it to you unless uh have a different like author so um suggestion for Center of crop grain uh origin sorry crop origin um like Fertile Crescent which is uh near east of cereal crb and legumes those are like a different types like wheat parley uh sorry barley uh Ray bees and lentils and um China for Rice soy bean and Central and South America like corn potato peanuts um and also Africa uh serum Millet and North America sunflowers and strawberries so for ex example this one is the Fertile Crescent which is like usually in Mediterranean like in U Middle East and that one is like here you can see like um part of the Nile uh like which is Egypt um and uh Palestine libanon Syria Iraq and all uh part of turkey and Iran all that part is the original place of the um those serial um but anyway it can be found like even in Libya Tunisia and the other part Italy uh Greece and the other uh country but mostly origin plac that one uh the corn Billet it's like a uh usually is a region of the midwestern United States that like since 1850 I believe so and has uh demand like demand Co production in the United State and the United States like a corn is the uh common War of maze so they said maze wheat in central plane um and uh potato Western Europe and all measure us like a crop are introduced like a there's advantage and disadvantage for that one so corn like those as you can see in this like uh pictures most of the like a COR region uh and that's like a 2010 that's old uh map maybe right now they are like a little bit change we should update that but anyway the map of the Great Plains which is like it showed as like a start from the North like Montana North Dakota South Dakota Wyoming Nebraska ksas Oklahoma a little bit of Colorado a littleit New Mexico and uh Oklahoma and Texas so that's the great plane ples and the very important thing the soil organic metal uh that's like related how the crops they are like um a very important thing factor that can be affect the Crop Productions which is the soil organic matter in the soil like organic matter in the soil are very important um that's reflect the fertility of the soil and that one as you can see mostly is going to to be like in this area while uh and the Washington and Oregon California a little bit of part of idah Montana and Colorado while the other part here as you can see not sure what kind of this one this is New Mexico maybe this is uh Arizona and Nevada and the other things California those are a little bit drought California has a lot of organic places and they can provide a lot of vegetables other major steps like development of Agriculture for example um the agricultural uh Revolution like rise of uh science like in 1500 to 1800 that's when it's like start developing and after that when they like start like creating new machines like help human to start like increase the Productions and also uh agricultural Education and Research that start like um in 1862 uh colleges which is land green college and hatches and that in United States we're not talking about other world and Country like uh scientific Agricultural Development Century 20th sorry the 20th century and like uh current future um perspective uh agriculture today sumary Statics like Land USA uh crop land is about like in the whole world 11% of the uh whole land while grass land is very important but it's like 26% of the whole land if it's the land is 100% while in the United States as you can see the crop is a lot but um um the uh the grass land is the 26% in kinas specifically it's like 53 and 30% right now there percentage they may be like change a little bit um and what does this show um us about like agriculture reflecting how much the uh crop land that we can be used versus the grass land that can be used for Animals is there any potential for developing more crop plant specifically yes and for uh and for structures that's a very important thing like make it easy to increase the like uh Transportation increase the uh few things or they can be for Forest cover that's like a different thing and Wetland they can be used in many different type of like a crop uh lack of Technology that's a problem they will be reduced acrop land can be used lack of economic uh uh incentive which is like a a very important and competent uh inter and other world like production uh produ like date from uh for State agricultural date like based of the 2016 top of food crop are uh area harvested like wheat corn uh rice while the top of three food crop quantity product H sugar can uh corn and wheat and um the rest of the top 15 world uh food crop and area harvested like uh for example soy bean uh early serum canola Millet um filled beans and uh ground um and the other like uh sunflowers and the other type of um crops a major non food crop like cotton oil palm and uh rubers they are like different right now you can see in United States like the corn and corn value and soy bean wheat is like the second third while the serum uh in the world but it's like fourth in the United State um wheat is the first in like a cansas corn is the second Serum is the third one like this is like a little bit different so right now Serum is like taking over a lot of places but weat still in the first place so um I think the time run out for that reason I'm going to divide this lecture to two parts so we already done from the first part we're going to like complete the other part in next lecture thank you uh for uh watching this class or attending to this class and we going to keep like um taking our lectures um one after one like exactly in the same date and uh we really um uh if you didn't like go watch the first um troduction uh for the class please go um like uh see if there any assignment and I'm going to explain a little bit how we going to like start how we going to organize this class and that's a very important to watch and also don't forget to do uh the assignment to introduce yourself it just like a free te Point um talk about yourself and has more details so you're going to find that and um in the assignment thank you have a great day see you next lecture