Overview
This lecture traces the founding, challenges, and growth of Morgan State University, highlighting its origins, key leadership transitions, and its impact as a historically black university.
Origins and Early Years
- The 1850 Fugitive Slave Act heightened the struggle for freedom and educational opportunities for African Americans.
- In 1866, black leaders proposed creating a school in Baltimore to elevate black men morally and intellectually.
- Five formerly enslaved clergymen founded what became the Centenary Biblical Institute, later Morgan State University.
- The school initially trained black men for Methodist ministry, began admitting women in 1874, and shifted focus to teacher training by 1879.
Growth and Expansion
- Post-Civil War, Baltimore’s black population grew, increasing demand for education.
- The Institute moved locations several times due to expanding enrollment.
- In 1890, it was renamed Morgan College in honor of Littleton F. Morgan.
- Morgan established branch campuses, including the forerunner of University of Maryland Eastern Shore.
Racial Challenges and Institutional Changes
- Morgan College faced segregation, disenfranchisement, and opposition from white communities.
- Andrew Carnegie’s conditional gift facilitated new campus construction.
- The school’s Academy prepared black youth for college and included notable alumni like Zora Neale Hurston.
Transition to State Control and Leadership Milestones
- The 1930s brought downsizing, state acquisition, and a push for black leadership.
- Dr. Dwight O. W. Holmes became the first black president in 1937.
- In 1939, Morgan College became a state institution and later Morgan State College, with more black trustees appointed.
The Civil Rights Era and Academic Excellence
- Morgan faculty and students contributed to the Harlem Renaissance and civil rights activism.
- Under President Jenkins (1948–1970), Morgan students engaged in nonviolent protests and the university saw significant growth.
- Notable civil rights visitors included Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Stokely Carmichael.
Modern Growth and Recognition
- 1975: Morgan attained university status and expanded academic programs and facilities.
- Leadership transitions included Drs. Billingsley, Richardson, and Wilson.
- Under Dr. Wilson (2009–present), enrollment and the university’s endowment reached record highs, and new initiatives expanded Morgan’s reach.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Fugitive Slave Act (1850) — Law enabling the capture and return of escaped slaves.
- Abolitionist Movement — Campaign to end slavery in the U.S.
- Centenary Biblical Institute — Original name of Morgan State University.
- Normal School — Institution for training teachers.
- Harlem Renaissance — 1920s cultural movement for African Americans.
- ROTC (Reserve Officers’ Training Corps) — College military officer training program.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review the history of Morgan State University’s major leadership transitions.
- Study the impact of key legislative acts on African American education.
- Research the university’s role during the Civil Rights Movement.