hey guys it's haley so today i'm going to be doing a solubility experiment to show the difference in solubility between table salt and table sugar before we get started it's important to know that solubility is the rate at which something dissolves typically when you do a solubility experiment there's two parts to your solution a solute which is the thing that does the dissolving and a solvent which is something that gets dissolved so in this case our solute is water and our solvent is going to be the sugar and the salt so the reason that these have different solubility rates is something called the ksp which is how we measure it ksp is known as the solubility product constant [Music] so also before we get started it's important to know that when you're doing a lab even if it's something as simple as water and sugar and salt you need to follow all the safety precautions so i have my hair pulled back my sleeves are rolled up and i've got my goggles when we start the experiment so but today i'll be using four cups of water which you can see in the background uh two are at room temperature and these two in the middle there's steam rising up i don't know if you can see and they have been heated and we'll see how the temperature affects the solubility of each thing so um we've got those we've got two mixing spoons one for the salt one for the sugar and then two small bowls here's my salt here's my sugar so i'm gonna go ahead and do the room temperature ones first so first thing you're going to do is you're going to get a teaspoon we'll start with the salt you're going to get a teaspoon of salt and just start pouring that in one teaspoon at a time you see it gets cloudy and then you're going to mix it up until it's fully dissolved you see when you mix it up you can see there's nothing floating at the bottom it's all mixed in it's all dissolved and then we're going to keep doing this now when it's not you know when there's no floaters at the bottom and it's getting pretty much dissolved we call this saturated it's a saturated solution and then once once it gets to the point where it uh can't dissolve anymore it is called super saturated so we're just gonna keep adding teaspoons until we get the desired outcome which is super saturated solution this might take a while i'm on three teaspoons now just keep mixing it and then you see it's pretty cloudy right and then you can also see at the bottom there's a little bit of salt that stays it doesn't really dissolve very well so we'll see how that changes when we do it in the heated water so with the heated water normally temperature can increase the solubility so we'll see if that's true i'm gonna add the first teaspoon and it dissolves pretty instantly i didn't even have to mix it very much you can see there's nothing at the bottom it's all mixed in pretty well then we're gonna do the second teaspoon until it's all mixed third teaspoon see all that is dissolved now for the room temperature cup we could only add three teaspoons but for this one we can probably add a little bit more because of the temperature difference until it gets super saturated you're just going to keep adding salt until you see at the bottom it gets you know it's going to have those little pieces at the bottom [Music] and there you see that so this one because of the temperature difference could dissolve a little bit more of that salt so with this this is the room temperature cup by the way we're going to start adding teaspoons one teaspoon at a time of sugar the first one and now it does still have that cloudy effect but you see that the sugar is not dissolving as well as the salt it's taking a lot longer you're going to have to mix it a little bit better and even with all this all this mixing it's still you know there's some pieces at the bottom it doesn't really dissolve very well this is because the salt and the sugar have two different ksp values we're gonna have one more teaspoon see if we can dissolve a little bit more but it's not really dissolving very well so we're gonna go ahead and say this one super saturated because you see all that sugar at the bottom it's not dissolving um so i think that's about all that we can do with this one then we're going to move to the heated glass which by the way it was heated and not boiling as you can see it's not bubbling it's just heated so we're gonna go ahead and add the first teaspoon [Music] and just like the salt the one that's hotter is dissolving it a little bit better still not as well as the salt even though it is hot but you can see this one looks clear now because all of the sugar was dissolved i'm going to go ahead and add another teaspoon it's still dissolving a little bit better than the other one okay still saturated not super saturated it's nothing at the bottom still and like the heat the not heated one this is the third teaspoon now and this one looks like it's getting to that point where it's not really dissolving very much anymore it's still dissolving fairly well due to the temperature increase but you can see the difference salt made it cloudy this is the heated one this is the room temperature one this is the heated one and then this one is the uh room temperature with the sugar and that is solubility