Differences Between Atom, Molecule, and Compound

Introduction

• Topic: Understanding atoms, molecules, and compounds
• Source: Moomoo Math and Science

Atoms

• Definition: The smallest unit of matter.
• Structure:
  • Made up of subatomic particles:
    • Protons: Positively charged particles in the nucleus.
      • Defining property of an element: Atomic number (number of protons).
    • Neutrons: Uncharged particles in the nucleus.
  • Electrons: Negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus.
    • Much smaller in mass than protons and neutrons.
    • The mass of an atom is the sum of protons and neutrons.

Molecules

• Definition: Formed when individual atoms are physically connected together.
• Bonding:
  • Atoms are stuck together by covalent bonds (sharing electrons).
• Examples:
  • Ozone (O₃) - a molecule of the same atom.
  • Water (H₂O) - formed by two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Compounds

• Definition: Formed when different elements combine chemically.
• Requirements:
  • Must consist of different elements.
• Element: A pure substance made of atoms with the same number of protons.
  • Cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
• Periodic Table: All chemical elements are listed here.
• Example of a Compound:
  • Sugar (C₆H₁₂O₆) - formed from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Conclusion

• Key takeaway: Understanding the basic unit of matter is essential in chemistry.
• Closing message: Kindness multiplies kindness; be kind to someone today.