geographers today's the day today we review one of the most important models of this unit remember if you find Value in these topic review videos consider subscribing in this video we'll be reviewing vonen's model of land which looks at how land is utilized for society first proposed this model in 1826. when creating the model Von TuneIn used a couple of different assumptions this was to allow the model to be used in a variety of different situations the model assumes that all land is flat there is one single Market that all land has equal access to the market that farmers want to maximize their profit and that all of the land has similar site characteristics now before you go commenting down below and pointing out that in the real world the physical landscape and climate will vary or how there is more than one market remember models are not perfect representations of the world but before we talk about how this model has shifted or what parts of the model are still true and what parts of the model are not we need to understand the model itself at the center of vonen's model we have the Market this is where agricultural products are sold as we move outward from the market and into the first ring we find Dairy farming and horticult this is next to the market because these goods are perishable remember Von tuning created this model before the creation of cars and modern day Refrigeration products that had a short shelf life had to get to the market quickly the next ring is the forest which today doesn't really make sense anymore but at the time Lumber was used to build homes heat homes and cook food Lumber was essential for society and is very heavy and bulky which makes it difficult and costly to transport by having it closer to the market people could get the lumber quicker plus it helped keep the cost of transporting the lumber down and this brings me to a really important Point vonen's model is all about maximizing profit remember the bid rent Theory which we talked about earlier in this unit it is one of the driving forces behind this model remember the bid rent theory states that land costs more the closer you get to an urban area or in this case a market the farther away you are from from the market the cheaper land is which means that we are more likely to see intensive commercial agriculture near the city or Mark and more extensive commercial agriculture away from the city besides the amount of land and the cost of it we also have to factor in the cost of transporting goods remember Farmers want to maximize their profit so if for example a product like Lumber is too expensive to transport it makes more sense to have that located closer to the market to save on Transportation costs to make sure you're understanding this let's look at a hypothetical situation pretend that you are a farmer who is looking to figure out where to locate your farm if you locate 10 miles away from the market land will cost you a hundred dollars a month if you locate 20 miles away it'll only be eighty dollars a month 30 miles away 25 a month or 40 miles away and ten dollars a month right now you can sell your product for two hundred dollars a unit now you might think well I should locate my farm 40 miles away from the market so I only have to spend ten dollars a month on the land and maximize my profit but if you already thought this you would have forgotten to factor in transportation costs if we look at Transportation costs we can see that if you locate 40 miles away it'll actually cost you 200 to transport your product to the market essentially wiping out all of your profit plus not to mention we didn't even account for other production costs such as labor fertilizer water electricity and so forth in the end it would be best for you to locate 20 miles away from the city where you only have to pay twenty dollars for transportation and eighty dollars for land thus maximizing your possible profit now of course there are other factors that go into deciding where to locate different agricultural practices but hopefully now you can see how the cost of land and transportation impact these decisions now going back to vonen's model we can see that the next ring is grains and field crops these crops require a lot of land to grow so farmers can save money by being farther away from the market taking advantage of Cheaper land prices plus these crops are relatively cheap to transport since they're lightweight and do not need to be consumed immediate or refrigerate lastly there's the livestock ring which consists of ranching and livestock traditionally livestock requires a lot of land in order to graze which would be difficult and expensive to get near a market now you might be thinking to yourself well wait a minute if farmers are trying to maximize their profits wouldn't transporting meat be expensive it's perishable and it's definitely not the lightest thing to transport so why would livestock not be located with dairy production near the market to be fair it's a good question that has a couple of different answers the first being that farmers can help offset some of the transportation costs with the savings they get from cheaper land ranching requires so much land that farmers end up saving more money by located on cheap land that's farther away and less desirable compared to locating on land that's closer to the market which would make the business unprofitable due to the cost of land alone the second is that livestock can walk to the market cattle would be taken from the outer ring and walk to the market or slaughterhouse this saves on Transportation costs and allows for the processing of the meat to occur near the market where it can be transported quickly for sale now if we do move past the last ring of on tunein's model we get to the Wilderness where there wouldn't be any commercial agriculture this is due to the fact that it's too far away from the market that it wouldn't be able to generate a profit today we can see that many parts of vonen's model still work with Society however some parts of the model have started to change the forest is no longer located in the second ring of the model and has been replaced with other Crop Production this is partially due to shifts in society's needs and also due to advancements in transportation which reduce the cost of transporting certain Goods we've also seen shifts in the production of livestock due to cafos Industrial farms and Agro businesses which often pack animals into feedlots thus reducing the amount of land needed to raise livestock all of which changes the costs that are associated with the production of food we can also see changes in the model due to trade and globalization advancements in technology communication and transportation have allowed City and states to trade with people across not only a country but the world all of which has allowed for companies to create large commodity chains and Global Supply chains that allow producers to achieve economies of scale this has not only changed our daily diets but our traditions and cultural landscape as well but despite these changes to vonen's model we still give on TuneIn credit for being one of the first people to realize the spatial layout that exists in society well just like that another topic review video is done now comes the time to practice what we have learned answer the questions on the screen and when you're done check your answers in the comment section down below or the description of this video and if you found value in this video consider subscribing and check out my ultimate review packet or Discord server for more help with your AP Human Geography studies as always I'm Mr sin and I will see you next time online