hi there it's Jeff here with a look at the latest human development report the 34th edition of the report uh has been published and I thought I'd just share with you some of the key results so in terms of the top 10 Switzerland comes top of the HDI rankings for 2023 24 uh with an HDI ranking of 0.967 that's the highest Norway just behind so these are the top 10 countries Austria and the Netherlands shared 10th Place the UK for reference came 15th in this year's rankings keep in mind of course that the HDI is a composite measure of development progress uh with a onethird waiting attached to health to education and to income per capit so they use life expectancy at Birth as the health metric they use expected and mean years of schooling for the education metric and they use gross national income gni per capita adjusted for PPP and meas there on the right hand side for the income component so these are the top top 10 countries in the world uh in terms of HDI if we go down to the bottom of the rankings Somalia had the lowest human development ranking closely followed by South Sudan in 2023 24 and obviously these are the countries with the lowest human development it's not surprising this table doesn't changed too much from year to year uh but interestingly let's look at uh uh Somalia Somalia comes bottom of the HG rankings this year but just yesterday the IMF finally agreed to a substantial program of debt relief so I think Somali has been given something like 99% relief on its external debts and their debt as a share of GDP will fall from about 65% to 6% under the imf's debt relief initiative that's just a really important example because obviously with Somalia being at the bottom of the HGI table the extent to which debt relief will will free resources up to help improve basic human development outcomes alleviate extreme poverty in that country we wait to see what happens then I just want to pick out one or two aspects of of the data life expectancy of course is part of is the health component these are the countries in the world in 20123 with the lowest life expectancy at Birth Chad and loto 53 years only all of these countries shown have a life expectancy at Birth of less than 59 years and the education schooling component of course is critical the acquisition of human capital I've done here a pivot on the table to show the countries in the world in 23 where the mean years of schooling were less than three years a quite staggering statistic and of course in N that figure is 1 three there's obviously a yawning Gap a chasm in many countries between expected years of schooling so for example a CH if you have 10 years children starting school at six could end uh expect to have to leave school at 16 so in this year they have 7.2 expected years of schooling but the mean years of schooling is 1.3 and uh againand in Guinea for example 10.2 a much higher figure for expected schooling years many years of schooling only 2.4 of course this this this alerts us to the fact the hard fact that millions of young people infants drop out of school before completing primary and secondary education and part of the development of course is uh is trying to close some of that Gap I was listening just the other day to Rory Stewart president of give directly and his view quite Clear View is that unconditional cash transfers um cash transfers given to the poorest people without conditionality attached can help to close this Gap because some families may choose to to spend it on educating uh a child for longer or educating more than one child in a family so Min years of schooling I think is a really important metric keep those figures in mind some countries actually um outperform on HGI their g& per capita so Cuba is often held up as a good example of this Cuba in the latest figures had a gni picato of just under 8,000 per capita GDP which on that basis makes it a sort of middle- inome country Low Middle inome Country yet it came with the top 100 for HDI so uh Cuba's HDI ranking was 40 places above its gni per capita ranking hope that makes sense Tonga likewise 34 places so these were the countries whose gni per capita so the HDI ranking was significantly better than the gni per capita so the likes of Cuba and Tonga uh Samoa Sri Lanka and and Greece indeed so Greece had a per capital income of $31,000 came 33rd on HGI but came 53rd in terms of gni per capita and in that sense I think it's the the good examples of countries that perhaps because of Good Health Care Systems uh because of commitment to education and things that can lift their HDI outcomes in terms of basic human capital and health outcomes and these are countries the reverse in a way these countries uh with the exception of Ivory Coast and jouti but the some of these countries have very very high gni per capita but don't do quite as well on HDI so for example Qatar uh what the second richest country in the world with 95% gni per capita sorry 95,000 gni per capita uh second in terms of gni per capita uh 40th in terms of HDI Kuwait likewise uh top 20 country for ji per capita but 49th when it comes to HDI and of course this is a reflection of the fact that income per capita uh and high incomes or middle- inome countries don't necessarily achieve the HDI outcomes uh that one would expect for a country with that level of income per head so all of these countries lag their HDI ranking lags their gni per capita and it's good important evaluation let's finish off with a couple of slides on income inequality so again pivoting the tables uh there is an income inequality adjust in HDI now but it doesn't form part of the basic measure so what I've done here is chosen the uh what the seven countries in the world with the highest gen highest published and measured Genie coefficient not every nation publishes data on income inequality that would make it into the into the table so South Africa last year had the highest Genie coefficient by some maybe think about how you draw the Len curve diagram for a country like South Africa a gen coefficient of 63 or .63 obviously uh 100 would be the perfect inequality zero perfect equality nbia Zambia Brazil and Columbia I've included in there so those are countries with the highest income inequality and most of them the majority of them have an HGI ranking well above 100 but I've also shown there the data on income shares accruing to the poorest 40% to the richest 10% and to the richest 1% and you might want to think about those figures interesting we then can create a Palmer ratio so the Palmer ratio is an alternative measure of income inequality and how do you measure it well you take the income share of the richest 10% and divide by the income share of the poorest 40 % now in the vast majority of countries in the world with the possible exception of countries like Slovenia and Sweden the Palmer ratio is well above one meaning that the richest 10% have a multiple share of income compared to the bottom 40% now South Africa has the highest Palmer ratio a ratio of seven so the richest 10% take home seven times the accumulated income of the poorest 40% obviously that figure comes down as you go down the table but in Brazil it's still four so you have two measures there of income inequality the Palmer ratio and the genie coefficient both I think worth knowing about so there we go a quick look at the latest data for the 20123 human development report thanks for joining in on this video if it was useful uh please press the like button and subscribe to the channel obviously lots more content as we head into the into the spring and towards the exams take care and uh see you soon