Understanding Amino Acid Classifications

A very good morning all of you. Today we will discuss about an important short note in biochemistry that is amino acid classification. All of you know that there are 20 amino acids which gets incorporated into the protein and helps in the protein synthesis. Now there is discovery of 21st amino acid that is selenocysteine and 22nd is also there that is selenocysteine. pyrolysin. So there are 22 amino acids which gets incorporated into the protein and helps in the protein synthesis. Now we will see the classification of amino acid. They are classified on the basis of four things or on the basis of four ways they are classified. The first one is known as the structural classification. Structural classification. Second, it is based on the solubility that is polar and non-polar means based on polarity. Hydrophilic amino acids they are known as polar and hydrophobic amino acids they are known as non-polar amino acids. Then third one is the nutritional requirement and fourth one is the metabolic fate. depending on their metabolic fate they are known as glucogenic or ketogenic or both glucogenic and ketogenic so if you answer this question in the yy if there is a question in the yy classify the amino acid So you should tell these four points. They are classified on the basis of their structure, polarity, nutritional requirement and metabolic fate. They are classified. In structural classification, they are again classified as an amino acid with aliphatic side chain. Then second one, aromatic amino acid. And third one is the immuno acid. There is immune ring that is why the amino acid is known as immuno acid that is proline. Ohkay now we will discuss the one by one classification. First one we will discuss the structural classification of amino acid. Ohf this first one is the aliphatic, the amino acid which contains aliphatic side chain. This one. Ohf these, the first one is the simple amino acids. This includes glycine and alanine. Second one is the branch chain amino acid. This includes That is VIL means valine, leucine and isoleucine. These are branched chain amino acids. Then third one is the OhEH group containing. There is mnemonic for this. The mnemonic is Oh, Thai. Saree Thread This one is the mnemonic Oh Tie saree is thread For OhH group containing. OhH means. Oh means OhH group containing. This one is for tyrosine. This one is for serine. And this is threonine. So these are OhH group containing amino acids. Then the simple ones. That is sulfur containing amino acid. These are methionine, cysteine and cysteine. Cysteine is formed by the two molecules of cysteine. So, methionine and cysteine belongs to the sulfur containing amino acids. Then, fifth one, simple one that is acidic amino acids. You know the acidic name suggests the acidic amino acid that is aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Then first, second, third, fourth. that is E, F, that is amine acid with amide group, the amide group that is asparagine and glutamine. These are acetic amine acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid. The amine acid with amide group, these are the asparagine and glutamine. The one is left. First one is the simple, then branch chain, then OhH group containing, then sulfur containing, then acidic amino acids, amide group containing amino acids and basic amino acids. There is pneumonic for basic amino acid that is his basics are loose. His basics are loose. This, HIS means Histidine. These are the basic amino acids. Arginine and Lysine. So, these are the basic amino acids. So, these are the amino acids with aliphatic side chain. The first one is the simple Glycine-Alanine. Then, Branchine, Valine, Isoleucine, Eucine. Then, OhH group containing that is Tyrosine, Serine and Threonine. Then, Sulfur containing. cysteine, cysteine, methionine, then acidic amino acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, containing amide group that is asparagine, glutamine and basic amino acid that is histidine, arginine and lysine. So these are the amino acid with aliphatic side chain. Coming to the second one that is aromatic amino acids. In aromatic amino acids The first one is the phenylalanine, second one is the tyrosine, then the aromatic amino acids with heterocyclic ring. This includes tryptophan and histidine. So this one is the basic amino acid and also aromatic amino acid with heterocyclic ring. So these are the aromatic amino acids, thalianine, tyrosine, tryptophan and histidine. And the third one is the immune acid containing an immune ring. Immunoacid, the name is proline. This is important for MCQ purpose. This one is all are amino acid, this one is the immunoacid that is proline. Ohkay, so this is the structural classification of amino acid. The first one is aliphatic with aliphatic side chain, the second aromatic amino acids and third one is the immunoacid. Now coming to the... Polarity, the classification based on the solubility or polarity, they are classified as polar amino acids. And we can say it as hydrophilic amino acids and non-polar amino acids. In these polar amino acids, there are charged. and uncharged. Ohf these charged ones are very simple to remember the charge includes the negatively charged that is aspartic acid and glutamic acid. and positively charged they are basic amino acid that is his basics are live means histidine lysine and arginine so these are negatively charged acids and positively charged basic amino acid that is histidine lysine and arginine his basics are lies then in uncharged in uncharged it includes glycine Along with glycine it includes serine, thelonine, asparagine and glutamine. Remember 2 to 3 amino acids if you want to write a short note in exam. For entrance purpose, please remember all amino acids which belong to the uncharged polar amino acids. Coming to the non-polar amino acids, this specially includes the aromatic amino acids. This aromatic includes phenylalanine, tyrosine. then it includes branch chain that is valine, leucine, isoleucine. It also includes methionine. So these are the polar, non-polar. Polar includes charged, uncharged. In charged they are negatively charged. These are the acids. Positively charged they are basic amino acids. Then uncharged they include the glycine, serine, threonine and amino acid with amide group. In non-polar amino acid especially includes aromatic and branched amino acids. Along with methionine and alanine. So this is the classification based on the polarity. Now coming to the nutritional classification. Based on the nutritional requirement they are essential and non-essential. Third classification based on the nutritional requirement. So they are classified as essential amino acids. Means those amino acids which need to be supplied in the diet, they are not synthesized by the body. They are known as essential. Means not synthesized. in body has to be supplied in the diet. They are known as essential amino acids and other ones they are known as non essential amino acids. So they are very simple to remember. There are two types essential and non-essential in between. There is semi-essential also. There is mnemonic for essential amino acid that is mat will fly. This is very famous mnemonic that is mat will fly. There are ten essential amino acid of these two are included in the semi-essential. Remember in the mat will fly this A is for arginine. Threonine, Cautis-T and Tryptophan. Threonine and Tryptophan is there. So, this is not alanine and there is no tyrosine in essential amino acids. So, McWill-5, Methionine, Arginine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Fenylalanine. These are the 10 essential amino acids of these two that is arginine that is semi essential. These two are included in the semi essential amino acids because they are partially essential. synthesize in the body and it has to be supplied in the diet when their demand increases. For example, in pregnancy and growing children, it has to be supplied in the diet. That's why they are known as semi-essential amino acids. And remaining all amino acids, they belong to the non-essential amino acids. So, this is based on the essentiality. They are classified as essential, semi-essential and non-essential amino acids. Coming to the fourth classification, that is metabolic fate. It is very easy to remember the amino acid which gives glucose. They are known as glucogenic. The amino acid which gives ketone or fat, they are known as ketogenic amino acids. And which gives both, they are known as both glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids. So fourth one, depending on the metabolic fate, they are known as ketogenic. Those amino acids which on metabolism gives ketone bodies or fat they are known as ketogenic amino acids. Ohr they gives acetyl coenzyme A which ultimately gives fat. They are known as ketogenic amino acids. Then it gives both glucose and ketone bodies and fat they are known as. both glucogenic and ketogenic and purely glucogenic amino acids. Which on metabolic rate views glucose they are known as glucogenic amino acids. So remember the one very important that is leucine. This one is the exclusively ketogenic amino acid. The single one is the exclusively ketogenic amino acid, leucine followed by the lysine. This one is the predominantly ketogenic amino acid. If there is two option in the MCQ, leucine and lysine, click for the leucine because it is exclusively ketogenic amino acid. Then in both glucogenic and ketogenic includes aromatic amino acid that is phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and isoleucine. Thank you. Amino acid gives both glucose and fat. That's why they are known as both glucogenic and ketogenic. And remaining all amino acids belongs to the glucogenic. So this is the way by which amino acids can be classified. The first one is the structure and classification. Second one is depending on the polarity or solubility. Third one is based on the nutritional requirement. And fourth one is the metabolic rate. There are lot of MCQs in the university exam in first MBA student. And also there is lot of MCQ in NEET exam on this topic, on this classification of amino acids. So that's all for now. Thank you all of you. Keep watching. If you like the video, please hit the like button, subscribe to the channel and hit the bell icon for the continuous update. Thank you.

Now there is discovery of 21st amino acid that is selenocysteine and 22nd is also there that is selenocysteine. pyrolysin. So there are 22 amino acids which gets incorporated into the protein and helps in the protein synthesis.

Now we will see the classification of amino acid. They are classified on the basis of four things or on the basis of four ways they are classified. The first one is known as the structural classification. Structural classification.

Second, it is based on the solubility that is polar and non-polar means based on polarity. Hydrophilic amino acids they are known as polar and hydrophobic amino acids they are known as non-polar amino acids. Then third one is the nutritional requirement and fourth one is the metabolic fate. depending on their metabolic fate they are known as glucogenic or ketogenic or both glucogenic and ketogenic so if you answer this question in the yy if there is a question in the yy classify the amino acid So you should tell these four points.

They are classified on the basis of their structure, polarity, nutritional requirement and metabolic fate. They are classified. In structural classification, they are again classified as an amino acid with aliphatic side chain. Then second one, aromatic amino acid. And third one is the immuno acid.

There is immune ring that is why the amino acid is known as immuno acid that is proline. Ohkay now we will discuss the one by one classification. First one we will discuss the structural classification of amino acid.

Ohf this first one is the aliphatic, the amino acid which contains aliphatic side chain. This one. Ohf these, the first one is the simple amino acids.

This includes glycine and alanine. Second one is the branch chain amino acid. This includes That is VIL means valine, leucine and isoleucine. These are branched chain amino acids.

Then third one is the OhEH group containing. There is mnemonic for this. The mnemonic is Oh, Thai.

Saree Thread This one is the mnemonic Oh Tie saree is thread For OhH group containing. OhH means. Oh means OhH group containing.

This one is for tyrosine. This one is for serine. And this is threonine.

So these are OhH group containing amino acids. Then the simple ones. That is sulfur containing amino acid. These are methionine, cysteine and cysteine. Cysteine is formed by the two molecules of cysteine.

So, methionine and cysteine belongs to the sulfur containing amino acids. Then, fifth one, simple one that is acidic amino acids. You know the acidic name suggests the acidic amino acid that is aspartic acid and glutamic acid.

Then first, second, third, fourth. that is E, F, that is amine acid with amide group, the amide group that is asparagine and glutamine. These are acetic amine acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid. The amine acid with amide group, these are the asparagine and glutamine.

The one is left. First one is the simple, then branch chain, then OhH group containing, then sulfur containing, then acidic amino acids, amide group containing amino acids and basic amino acids. There is pneumonic for basic amino acid that is his basics are loose. His basics are loose.

This, HIS means Histidine. These are the basic amino acids. Arginine and Lysine.

So, these are the basic amino acids. So, these are the amino acids with aliphatic side chain. The first one is the simple Glycine-Alanine. Then, Branchine, Valine, Isoleucine, Eucine. Then, OhH group containing that is Tyrosine, Serine and Threonine.

Then, Sulfur containing. cysteine, cysteine, methionine, then acidic amino acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, containing amide group that is asparagine, glutamine and basic amino acid that is histidine, arginine and lysine. So these are the amino acid with aliphatic side chain. Coming to the second one that is aromatic amino acids. In aromatic amino acids The first one is the phenylalanine, second one is the tyrosine, then the aromatic amino acids with heterocyclic ring.

This includes tryptophan and histidine. So this one is the basic amino acid and also aromatic amino acid with heterocyclic ring. So these are the aromatic amino acids, thalianine, tyrosine, tryptophan and histidine. And the third one is the immune acid containing an immune ring.

Immunoacid, the name is proline. This is important for MCQ purpose. This one is all are amino acid, this one is the immunoacid that is proline.

Ohkay, so this is the structural classification of amino acid. The first one is aliphatic with aliphatic side chain, the second aromatic amino acids and third one is the immunoacid. Now coming to the... Polarity, the classification based on the solubility or polarity, they are classified as polar amino acids.

And we can say it as hydrophilic amino acids and non-polar amino acids. In these polar amino acids, there are charged. and uncharged.

Ohf these charged ones are very simple to remember the charge includes the negatively charged that is aspartic acid and glutamic acid. and positively charged they are basic amino acid that is his basics are live means histidine lysine and arginine so these are negatively charged acids and positively charged basic amino acid that is histidine lysine and arginine his basics are lies then in uncharged in uncharged it includes glycine Along with glycine it includes serine, thelonine, asparagine and glutamine. Remember 2 to 3 amino acids if you want to write a short note in exam.

For entrance purpose, please remember all amino acids which belong to the uncharged polar amino acids. Coming to the non-polar amino acids, this specially includes the aromatic amino acids. This aromatic includes phenylalanine, tyrosine. then it includes branch chain that is valine, leucine, isoleucine.

It also includes methionine. So these are the polar, non-polar. Polar includes charged, uncharged.

In charged they are negatively charged. These are the acids. Positively charged they are basic amino acids.

Then uncharged they include the glycine, serine, threonine and amino acid with amide group. In non-polar amino acid especially includes aromatic and branched amino acids. Along with methionine and alanine. So this is the classification based on the polarity.

Now coming to the nutritional classification. Based on the nutritional requirement they are essential and non-essential. Third classification based on the nutritional requirement.

So they are classified as essential amino acids. Means those amino acids which need to be supplied in the diet, they are not synthesized by the body. They are known as essential.

Means not synthesized. in body has to be supplied in the diet. They are known as essential amino acids and other ones they are known as non essential amino acids.

So they are very simple to remember. There are two types essential and non-essential in between. There is semi-essential also. There is mnemonic for essential amino acid that is mat will fly. This is very famous mnemonic that is mat will fly.

There are ten essential amino acid of these two are included in the semi-essential. Remember in the mat will fly this A is for arginine. Threonine, Cautis-T and Tryptophan. Threonine and Tryptophan is there. So, this is not alanine and there is no tyrosine in essential amino acids.

So, McWill-5, Methionine, Arginine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Fenylalanine. These are the 10 essential amino acids of these two that is arginine that is semi essential. These two are included in the semi essential amino acids because they are partially essential. synthesize in the body and it has to be supplied in the diet when their demand increases.

For example, in pregnancy and growing children, it has to be supplied in the diet. That's why they are known as semi-essential amino acids. And remaining all amino acids, they belong to the non-essential amino acids. So, this is based on the essentiality.

They are classified as essential, semi-essential and non-essential amino acids. Coming to the fourth classification, that is metabolic fate. It is very easy to remember the amino acid which gives glucose. They are known as glucogenic.

The amino acid which gives ketone or fat, they are known as ketogenic amino acids. And which gives both, they are known as both glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids. So fourth one, depending on the metabolic fate, they are known as ketogenic.

Those amino acids which on metabolism gives ketone bodies or fat they are known as ketogenic amino acids. Ohr they gives acetyl coenzyme A which ultimately gives fat. They are known as ketogenic amino acids.

Then it gives both glucose and ketone bodies and fat they are known as. both glucogenic and ketogenic and purely glucogenic amino acids. Which on metabolic rate views glucose they are known as glucogenic amino acids.

So remember the one very important that is leucine. This one is the exclusively ketogenic amino acid. The single one is the exclusively ketogenic amino acid, leucine followed by the lysine.

This one is the predominantly ketogenic amino acid. If there is two option in the MCQ, leucine and lysine, click for the leucine because it is exclusively ketogenic amino acid. Then in both glucogenic and ketogenic includes aromatic amino acid that is phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan and isoleucine.

Thank you. Amino acid gives both glucose and fat. That's why they are known as both glucogenic and ketogenic. And remaining all amino acids belongs to the glucogenic.

So this is the way by which amino acids can be classified. The first one is the structure and classification. Second one is depending on the polarity or solubility.

Third one is based on the nutritional requirement. And fourth one is the metabolic rate. There are lot of MCQs in the university exam in first MBA student.

And also there is lot of MCQ in NEET exam on this topic, on this classification of amino acids. So that's all for now. Thank you all of you. Keep watching.

If you like the video, please hit the like button, subscribe to the channel and hit the bell icon for the continuous update. Thank you.

Transcript for:Understanding Amino Acid Classifications

Transcript for:
Understanding Amino Acid Classifications