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Ethics and Decision-Making in AI

Feb 24, 2025

Lecture Notes: Decision-Making Frameworks and Ethics in AI

Introduction

  • Speaker shares personal childhood experiences with bedtime stories and nursery rhymes.
  • Nursery rhymes in Bengali often convey historical or wisdom insights.
  • Example: "A good crop of mangoes is a signal for a good yield of rice" and "Abundance of tamarind is a warning for an impending flood."

Historical Context of Decision-Making

  • Ancestors' Practices:
    • Utilized observation to develop farming heuristics and predictions.
    • Developed strategies and tactics in hunting, requiring memory and cognition.
    • Decisions that led to survival were seen as successful.

Evolution of Decision-Making

  • Today's AI and Machine Learning:
    • Form generalizations based on data (similar to ancient heuristics).
    • Machine learning applications span various fields: medical, financial, agricultural, etc.
    • However, data biases lead to flawed recommendations.

Case Studies: Risks of Current AI Systems

  • Anne Hathaway Effect:

    • AI sentiment analysis linked to stock market trends, causing unintended consequences.
  • Gender and Racial Bias:

    • Boston University study shows gender biases in AI.
    • Bias in AI leads to problematic decisions, e.g., US courts’ use of COMPAS software:
      • Higher false positive rates for black defendants.
      • Highlights systemic biases in data-driven predictions.

The Role of Ethics in AI

  • Need for Ethical Consideration:

    • AI systems must integrate ethical standards to avoid perpetuating past biases.
    • Decisions should not solely rely on statistical correctness.
  • Religion as a Parallel:

    • Religion offers an ethical framework but has failed when it harms individuals.
    • Long-term effective decision-making frameworks require fairness and equitability.

Conclusion

  • Frameworks for Decision-Making:

    • Effective frameworks must withstand the test of time and adhere to ethical standards.
    • AI must prioritize harm mitigation and ethics.
    • The importance of balancing efficiency with serving individuals in society.
  • Final Thoughts:

    • Emphasize on "having all the facts but also the wisdom to know which ones to apply."
  • Key Takeaway:

    • Ethical considerations are crucial in developing and applying AI and machine learning. Without them, modern tools may not survive as past traditional wisdom has.