Overview
This lecture covers Class Bravo (B) airspace, detailing its characteristics, rules for entry, weather minimums, and required equipment for flight operations.
Class Bravo Airspace Characteristics
- Class B airspace is marked by solid blue lines on VFR sectional charts.
- It typically surrounds busy airports and has the "upside-down wedding cake" shape, divided into altitude segments.
- Each segment’s top and bottom altitude (in hundreds of feet MSL) are marked inside the area on the chart.
- The lowest sections may start at the surface, while outer shelves begin at higher altitudes.
- Pilots can fly beneath the Bravo shelves if they remain below the defined lower altitude.
Entry and Communication Rules
- A private pilot certificate is required to operate in Class B, but endorsed student pilots may enter following strict rules.
- ATC clearance is mandatory before entering Class B airspace.
- No clearance is needed to fly beneath Class B shelves, only to enter.
- Radio communication should follow: who you’re calling, who you are, where you are, what you want.
- ATC will assign a squawk code and confirm your location on radar before giving further instructions.
- Entry is not allowed until the phrase "cleared into the Class Bravo airspace" is given by ATC.
- Read back all instructions and altimeter settings in your response to ATC.
VFR Weather Minimums
- Minimum visibility is 3 statute miles.
- Pilots must remain clear of clouds.
Required Equipment
- A functioning two-way radio is mandatory for communication with ATC.
- An altitude-reporting transponder (Mode C) is required within the 30-nautical-mile "Mode C veil" around a Class B airport.
- ADS-B Out equipment is required inside the Mode C veil and above 10,000 feet.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Class B Airspace — Controlled airspace surrounding major airports, depicted by solid blue lines, with tiered altitude segments.
- Mode C Veil — 30 nautical mile radius around Class B airports requiring transponder and ADS-B equipment.
- ATC (Air Traffic Control) — Service providing instructions and clearances for controlled airspace.
- MSL (Mean Sea Level) — Reference for altitude on charts and clearances.
- ADSB (Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast) — Technology for tracking aircraft, required in and above certain airspace.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review VFR sectional charts for local Class B airspace.
- Practice radio communication formats for ATC clearances.
- Confirm your aircraft meets all equipment requirements for Class B operations.