Computer Fundamentals

What is a Computer?

• A computer is an electronic machine that helps solve problems easily.

Parts of a Computer

• Main components include:
  • Monitor
  • CPU (Central Processing Unit)
  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Speaker

Types of Computers

• Desktop Computer
• Laptop Computer
• Tablet
• Palm Top Computer
• Smartphones

Father of Computer

• Charles Babbage is known as the father of the computer.

Hardware and Software

• Computer Hardware: Physical parts of the computer that can be touched.
  • Examples: Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Motherboard, Printer, Scanner, Speaker.
• Computer Software: Set of instructions that enables the computer to function.
  • Examples: PowerPoint, Android, Microsoft Word, Windows, Java, Google Chrome, Gmail, Antivirus Software.

How a Computer Works

• The computer operates in three basic steps:
  1. Input: Data entered into the computer.
  2. Process: Actions taken by the computer on the input data.
  3. Output: Final result produced by the computer after processing the data.

Input Devices

• Devices used to input data into the computer:
  • Examples: Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Microphone, Light Pen, Scanner.

Output Devices

• Devices used to retrieve information from the computer:
  • Examples: Monitor, Printer, Projector, Headphone, Speaker.

Computer Language

• Machine Language: The only language computers understand, also known as low-level language, consisting of binary digits (0s and 1s).
• Binary digits are also called bits.

Uses of Computers

• Common uses include:
  • Studying
  • Listening to music
  • Watching movies
  • Playing games
  • Drawing pictures
  • Chatting
  • Sending emails
  • Surfing the internet.

Computers in Daily Life

• Computers are utilized in various sectors such as:
  • Schools
  • Hospitals
  • Offices
  • Homes
  • Banks
  • Airports.

Advantages of Computers

• Accuracy: Performs precise calculations.
• Efficiency: Does not tire and can multitask.
• Memory: Remembers information without forgetting.
• Speed: Operates quickly.

Disadvantages of Computers

• Lack of Emotions: Cannot feel or make independent decisions.
• Dependent on User: Operates solely based on user commands.

Conclusion

• Computers play a significant role in various aspects of life and have transformed how we perform tasks.