Petition of Right

Introduction

• The petition was exhibited to the King by the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons in Parliament.
• It addresses various rights and liberties of the subjects.
• The King's response is included in the full Parliament.

Historical Context

• Statutum de Tallagio non Concedendo: Enacted during King Edward I's reign.
  • Prohibits levying of tallage or aid without the consent of the realm's free subjects.
  • Reaffirmation during King Edward III's reign that no one could be compelled to loan money to the king.
• Great Charter of Liberties of England: Guarantees that no freeman can be imprisoned or deprived of rights without lawful judgment.

Key Issues Raised in the Petition

• Unlawful demands for loans from subjects without consent.
• Forced oaths and appearances before the Privy Council.
• Imprisonment without cause and denial of habeas corpus.
• Compulsory billeting of soldiers and mariners in households.
• Issuance of commissions allowing martial law practices, leading to unlawful executions.

Specific Grievances

• Imprisonment without Cause:
  • Subjects imprisoned without charges and denied fair trial.
  • Habeas corpus ignored as detainees are held without specified reasons.
• Martial Law and Commissions:
  • Martial law commissions have led to unjust deaths.
  • Certain offenders escape punishment claiming exemption under martial law.

Humble Petition Requests

• No compulsion to contribute taxes or loans without Parliament's consent.
• Protection from unlawful imprisonment or detainment.
• Removal of soldiers and mariners from civilian homes.
• Revocation of commissions that allow for martial law.
• Assurance that actions prejudicing subjects will not set precedents.
• Enforcement of laws by officers according to the realm's statutes for the kingdom's prosperity.

Conclusion

• The petition is a request for the reaffirmation of subjects' rights and liberties.
• It seeks the King’s commitment to uphold the laws and statutes of the realm.