Overview
This section explains the importance of connecting main points in a speech using strategic signposts, including transitional statements, internal previews, and summaries to guide and engage the audience.
The Role of Signposts in Public Speaking
- Main points in speeches are distinct but must be connected to create a smooth flow for listeners.
- Signposts are words, phrases, or gestures that help audiences follow the progression of ideas.
- Effective signposting keeps listeners engaged and aware of where they are within the speech.
Transitional Statements
- Transitional statements are phrases or sentences that move the speech from one idea to the next.
- Simple transitions include words like "next," "also," or "moreover."
- Numbering points (e.g. "First," "Second," "Third") signals progress to the audience.
- Non-verbal cues like pauses, movement on stage, or changes in voice also serve as transitions.
- Use "Similarly," "Also," or "Likewise" to show similarity; use "However," "On the other hand," or "Conversely" to show differences.
Internal Previews
- Internal previews tell the audience what is coming up next or what to expect in the speech.
- They help orient the audience when they cannot refer back to previous content like in written texts.
- Internal previews are typically longer than transitions and more specific to the content that follows.
Summaries
- Summaries recap what has already been covered, aiding in audience retention of key points.
- Summaries can be combined with internal previews to transition smoothly and reinforce learning.
- Example: Reviewing reasons for an issue before moving to solutions gives clarity and context.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Signpost — A word, phrase, or gesture used to guide the audience through a speech.
- Transitional Statement — A phrase or sentence that links one main idea to another in a speech.
- Internal Preview — A statement within a speech that outlines what will be discussed next.
- Summary — A brief restatement of previously covered points to reinforce understanding.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Practice incorporating transitional statements, internal previews, and summaries into your next speech outline.
- Review upcoming chapter on introductions and conclusions to further improve signposting skills.