[Music] hello in this tutorial we're gonna introduce you to abacus CAE get you familiarized with the interface of abacus and give you a general idea of how to perform a basic finite element analysis in abacus how we're gonna accomplish this using an example we're gonna simulate the loading of a barbell stand with a barbell just like the ones you see in a gym now barbells can be pretty heavy so if you were designing a barbell stand you want to make sure it's strong enough to bear the weight of the barbell and one way to do that is to analyze it in abacus on the monitor behind me you see a tree the model of a barbell let's take a closer look at that the setup consists of two stems holding up a barbell each bearing an equal share of the way we're going to use the dimensions from this schematic will be using SI units where length is in meters the stand is a solid block made of steel with a density of seven point eight grams per centimeter cube a Young's modulus of 200 Giga Pascal's and a poisons ratio of 0.3 when performing finite element simulations it is not necessary to model every single part of your simulation Engineers often decide what needs to be part of a simulation and what doesn't in order to save time and computational resources we do not need both barbell stands in the analysis we can just use one and assume it carries half the weight of the barbell to simplify the simulation further we don't model the barbell at all but replace it with a force equal to its weight here you see a depiction of the barbell stand with loads and constraints applied a force equal to half the weight of the barbell will be applied in the u-shaped clamp where the barbell will set the base of the barbell stand which is normally in contact with the ground will be fixed in space using an in cast or boundary condition meaning that it cannot translate along the XY or z axes nor can it rotate about them so let's go into abacus and give this a try now if you haven't already done this the first thing you want to do is go to file click on new model database and choose standard explicit model the other option is a CFD model CFD is computational fluid dynamics we are not dealing with fluids in this model so we're gonna go with the first one now there's two kinds of models you know it said standard / explicit a standard model is where you're simulating of forces and loads acting on an object that's in some sort of equilibrium whereas in a dynamic analysis you might have say an object falling off a table and you want to study how it breaks apart so you've got a sort of impulsive loading going on there and you might also be interested in the transient behavior of this object under loading so you might want to see the stress distribution and the object change over time and for that you'd use an explicit analysis but in our case we're going with a simple standard static analysis now what you see over here on the left is the model but database the model database essentially consists of different models and each model is made up of different modules such as the parts materials sections and so on so when you create a simulation you put it inside of a model and this model contains all of the information abacus needs to run the simulation information which you of course provide to abacus it's possible to create multiple models within one model database this could come in handy if maybe you've gone ahead and populated this model set up all the aspects of the simulation and then you think to yourself what if I want to just change one aspect of this well maybe you could right-click on the model and choose copy' model and if you did that you would find an other model appearing here on this tree if I minimize that you'd see model 1 and then model 2 after that and then you can make a small change to that model and run that simulation abacus by default names the Model Model 1 we can go ahead and give it a more descriptive name not so much because we need one over here but because I want you to see how you can rename a model see you move your mouse over model 1 and right click on it and you can choose rename and so we're gonna give it a slightly more descriptive name I'm gonna call it the barbell stand model and I will click on OK and there you see the model it's been renamed to barbell stand model the first module we're gonna take a look at is the parts module this is where you create the 3d geometry of the part if you've worked with CAD software's in the past such as CATIA where SolidWorks you have a general idea of how you create a part in CAD in some ways advocacy is similar to other softwares but it also has other differences because when you're creating a part here you also have to specify what kind of analysis you're really going to be doing on it so we'll go ahead and double click on parts and there you see the create part window we're gonna name our part barbell stand in the modeling space we're gonna choose 3d because this is a three dimensional object that we're modeling if you were maybe doing a two dimensional analysis where you've only got an X and y axis you don't have depth this could be what may be a sort of plane or shell analysis or maybe you're just modeling a 2d truss or you could in fact be modeling our barbell stand but only from a 2d perspective in that case you'd go with 2d planar but we're gonna go with 3d in the type we're not choose deformable because our barbell is essentially a deformable body it's gonna be a very strong body because it's made of steel but even steel is deformable so we want to specify that and the type the third category here is the base feature you've got solids shells wires and points and we're gonna go with solid you might go with shell if maybe you're modeling the exterior fuselage of an airplane which is basically the tube in which people sit in an air and you might go with wire if if you're doing a truss analysis and you're modeling each of the elements of the trust as wires and using truss elements along them but we'll get into that stuff later for this simulation or this tutorial let's go with solid and the type we're gonna choose an extrusion now you've probably heard that word before if you've dealt with any cat software's an extrusion is where you create a sort of sketch and then add depth to it to create a three-dimensional object you could have gone with revolution or sweep our revolution would be useful if maybe you were creating a body like a disk but in our case we're gonna go with extrusion and you'll see how it's done in the next step the approximate size essentially tells abacus or rather gives it a general idea of how big your objects gonna be how big your part is gonna be so it initially sets you up on a graph paper that's about the right size so that you don't have to zoom in or zoom out too far so this is not too important it's more of a user convenience feature so I'm gonna say 5 because our barbell it's about 1.5 meters high so I want to be in that same order of magnitude and I'm gonna click continue what you see now is the sketch or window this is it 2d sketch or interface and I can use the scroll wheel on my mouse to zoom in and out so I'm zooming out right now and you see it's given me a 5x5 graph paper just cuz I said 5 as my approximate size in the create part window just a moment ago you know zoom back in on this and we're gonna start modeling our barbell now one thing I should point out when we double clicked on parts got the create part window and then hit continue and it brought us into this interface it also changed this toolbar you see on the left over here you see depending on which module you are this toolbar changes accordingly giving you the tools you need in that module and also up here abacus tells you what module you're in although you could just look at your tree over here and it basically reflects the same information we're not gonna look at each and every one of these tools in this video in fact we may not look at all of them in the entire set of tutorials some of them you can probably figure out just by clicking on them playing around with them and if you have experience with CAD you'll pick this up pretty quickly so we're only gonna use the ones we need for the simulation and hopefully that'll get you started so the first one I'm gonna click is the create lines connected tool I'll click on that and I'm gonna start out at the origin and I'm gonna draw a basic sketch kind of rough without dimensioning at first outline of my barbell stand you see I just keep clicking and moving around like that and when I do the last click abacus sort of detects that I'm closing in on myself and it helps me complete the loop to create a closed sketch because remember you always need a closed sketch in order to do an extrusion next we're gonna apply some constraints to this well you'll notice abacus has already gone ahead and put in some constraints CH stands for horizontal and V for vertical and abacus sort of detected that when we were drawing that hey you're trying to create a vertical line so I'm just gonna go ahead and put a V next to it and apply that constraint for you but there's others that abacus doesn't pick up on its own for example we want this vertical segment to be the same length as this one so what I'm gonna do is go to the constraints tool and I'm gonna click on add constraint now constraint we want is the equal length constraint so I click on that and abacus tells me down here select the lines for the equal length constraint so I come over and I click on the first segment then I hold down the shift key on my keyboard and I click on the second segment and you see both of them have been lighted up in red as I did that you got to hold down the shift key when you're selecting more than one segment and then I come over here and click done and now you see abacus has added that tiny little line there that sort of tells me these are equal lengths so I don't want to add any more constraints right now I'm just gonna go ahead and close this add constraints window and the next tool we're gonna use is the add dimension tool which is over here I click on that abacus tells me to select the entity to dimension so I guess we can start by dimensioning the overall height of the barbell stand so we want to measure from up here to down here so I'm going to click on that and abacuses initial reaction is assume I'm trying to measure the horizontal length of the segment but if if I start moving upwards like this and I move my mouse over the second segment it realizes I'm trying to actually find the distance between those two segments I click again I drag it out and click a third time now at the bottom of my screen I can enter in the actual dimension itself so we're gonna go with 1.5 now you see our dimensions were kind of off if my sketch was not very accurate at all and it seems to have made a little bit of a mess over here and maybe I should have started out with dimensioning some of the other parts first so I'm gonna backtrack just a little bit by undoing my previous option you can do this by going to the Edit menu and choosing undo or you get hit control Z on your keyboard I'm gonna undo this so we are back to where we were a step ago I'm gonna come back to the add dimension tool and this time I'm gonna dimension the thickness of this this protrusion and I click on the first one and then the second pull it out click again and I'm gonna set this to 0.1 I'm gonna go ahead and dimension the rest of this object notice when I change the segment to 0.1 it also changed the segment over here because we've constrained them to be of equal length so we've got our sketch dimensioned out exactly as it is in the schematic it looks kind of small over here so what we can do is go up here and click on the autofit View button when I click that it sort of fits it to my screen so you can see it a little bit better and now that we're done dimensioning everything we're gonna hit the red cross over here to cancel the procedure and where it says sketch the sections for the solid extrusion well we've completed sketching it so we're gonna click on done this brings us to the Edit base extrusion window now we've created the base itself which is the sketch and now abacus is asking us what depth to give the sketch in order to create the three-dimensional object so I'm gonna tell it to go with 0.1 again as for our schematic and I will click OK and there you see abacus has drawn out our part file or our part one thing I should probably mention which I hadn't mentioned before is abacus doesn't ask you what set of he units you're working with if you notice in the sketcher in the previous window we specify numbers like zero point one and zero point four now what was the meaning of all this was were we working in meters or inches or centimeters you know what abacus says go ahead and work in whatever system of units you like just be sure to remain consistent so for example let's say I want to work in SI units all of the lengths I specify should be in meters all of the masses could be in kilograms time and seconds and so if I specify a constant such as the Youngs modulus a little later on I want to make sure I put that in Pascal's and not in Giga Pascal's or mega Pascal's because abacus isn't really keeping track of the unit's it's assuming you are so you need to know what units you're working in and you need to make sure they remain consistent and as long as you do that you don't have to tell abacus hey I'm working with meters or inches or kilograms or pounds abacus doesn't care about that and if you want a better view this part you can come up to the menu up here and click on rotate view and once you click down that you can drag in your viewport and view the part file from different angles to make sure you've got it drawn out all correctly and if it's a little too small or too big on your screen you could hit the autofit view key again and it sets it just about right on your screen now one thing we forgot to do what you see in the schematic is that these edges here are rounded and so are the edges inside of this u-shaped loop over here so what we should have done is when sketching out the part rounded these edges and then extruded that now there's two ways to fix this well you're in the rotate view so I want to first get you out of that you can do that by clicking on the rotate view tool again and now you've got your mouse pointer back what we're gonna do with one of these edges is make the change in the sketch again so we're gonna go back to the parts container expand that out expand out barbell stand gonna go down to the features solid extrude and there you see the section sketch and I'm gonna right-click on that and say edit and this brings me back to the sketcher that we were in before and now I'm gonna create a Phillip back here by going over to the create Phillip between two curves tool I click on that it asked me for a Phillip radius 0.05 meters is what I was aiming for so I'm just gonna hit enter on my keyboard it says select the first entity near the end to be fitted so I select my first entity and then it says select the second entity so I go ahead and I select that and there you see abacus has created a Phillip if i zoom in on it you can see it better you still see this gray region outside because we haven't updated our previous view yet so once again I'm gonna cancel out of this procedure now that it's done and hit the done button now you see abacus complains the feature is not yet been regenerated you still see it without the Phillip but to regenerate it you select feature and then say regenerate it so I'm gonna say okay to that come back here and right click on features and click on regenerate and there you see it has been regenerated and we've got our Phillip another way to create the Phillip would have been to do it right out over here or without going into the sketch or module and we can do that by using the create round or Phillip tool click on that and I'm gonna choose create round or Phillip oh it looks like I clicked on it twice so I'm gonna do it again now it says select the edges to round or fill it individually or you could do it by edge angle gonna go with individually and assume in a little closer as I hover my mouse over the edges abacus lights them up some gonna click on that edge and click on the done key when I said the radius is 0.02 which is what I want now abacus isn't just correctly guessing these radii you can previously guessed 0.05 and 0.02 well that's exactly what I wanted to do it's not that abacus has some built-in logic it's just that I've performed the simulation once before so my numbers are still sort of saved inside of abacus I'm gonna hit the enter key and there you see our Filat has been created I also want to fill it around the other edge so I'm gonna rotate the model using the rotate view tool come back in here click and rotate I'm gonna get back out of the rotate tool and once again select the create round or filler tool but since it's already selected I'm not gonna click on it again abacus is already ready and it says select the edges to round or fill it once again I click on the edge I click done I specify the radius hit enter on my keyboard and there you have it I'm gonna hit the auto fit View button and now you can see it a little better and I'm gonna use the rotate tool to rotate around make sure everything's looking alright so we've completed the creation of our part file if you look in features you see we have a solid extrude and then we have two rounds which you see light up here in the viewport as I click on them you see these next two solid extrude because all three of these things were done in the part modeler you don't see this round show up because that was done within the sketch are so if I clicked on solid X crude and went into the section sketch then I'd be able to see that it's just how abacus arranges things it's very systematic but everything you've done is visible here in the models tree so I'm gonna collapse these items just so we can see the rest of the model free more clearly and we are gonna move on to the next module which is creating materials I'm gonna double click on materials and gives me the edit material window the materials interface is where you create your material and define its properties we're gonna call our material steel so a type and steel for the name and you can put in a description if you want but it's not required and inside the material behaviors abacus gives you a whole list of options in these different menus so in general you could set the density could set the mechanical properties such as elasticity plasticity ductility and so on and depending on the simulation you're performing depending what you need so if you were maybe doing a heat transfer analysis you might want to put in information such as the conductivity you are not required to fill out every single one of these for all the materials that you only fill out what you absolutely need and that's good enough for abacus now remember once again that all of your units need to be consistent so I'm gonna go into general and click on density and for steel I'm gonna define the density as 7800 kilograms per meter cube remember I only put in 7800 but I know my units are kilograms per meter cube because I use units of length in all of my dimensioning tasks when creating the part model so once again you need to keep your units in mind when you're keying in numbers if you were to put this in grams per centimeter cube your simulation just wouldn't make a whole lot of sense you would get completely wrong numbers to the unit errors and go into mechanical elasticity set it to elastic until I need to key in the Youngs modulus and the Poisson ratio a poisons ratio for steel is about 0.3 I'm gonna go ahead type that in and the Youngs modulus is about 200 Giga Pascal's but remember I can't put it in Giga Pascal's I needed to be in Pascal's now because I need to keep track of the units so I'm gonna key in to 200 e9 so that's 200 Giga Pascal's I'm not gonna worry too much about the other options over here and I'm not gonna put in any thermal properties or acoustic properties any of that other stuff because this is what I need for the simulation and I'm gonna click on OK now if you look in our model tree the material object now has a material steel within it and you can always right-click on that and say edit and it'll take you back to this window so I'm gonna close this window and that's if you wanted to change the material properties you could of course create more than one material because your part might be created of different materials it doesn't necessarily have to be all steel or all one material and to do that you would just double click on materials and you create your second material and when you hit OK it would appear below steel in this materials tree the next module we're gonna look at is the sections module and I'm gonna double click on sections and here you see the create section one day now you see every part that you create can be made up of different sections so parts of your part could be treated as a solid others as a shell or a beam and also different parts can have different materials so what you do is you create different sections you assign the correct properties to those sections and then you assign those sections to different regions of your part so basically if I were to just partition out this arm over here and assign it a separate section from the rest of the body I could have two different materials in this part and I could be treating one of them as a solid the other as a shell and so on and so forth in our case we're just gonna have one big section for the entire thing so I'm gonna name it barbell stand section now I know that's not very creative but this is only for demonstration purposes once you learn to use abacus you can do all sorts of creative things like renaming all these and of course performing more complex analyses so the category I'm gonna choose solid and for the type I'm gonna go with homogeneous and I click on continue next it asks me what material is a section gonna have not since I've created one material it's already populated this list over here with that one material if we created four or five they'd all be over here and if maybe we don't want to use any of these we click on the create button and it brings back the create material window which you saw in the material module and allows you to create a new one I'm gonna hit the okay button so now we've defined our section you see it in the section object the barbell section what we need to do now is assign this section to our part so we go back up to the parts container now this is one of those times when you're actually moving back up to a place you've already crossed in the model tree usually you just go top down filling out each thing depending on what you need but this time we got to go back up expand out the barbell stand and you see section assignments listed over here we're gonna double click on that abacus says select the regions to be assigned a section we essentially want to select this entire part so I'm going to zoom out using the scroll wheel of my mouse just so we can see the whole thing and as I hover my mouse over it you see the part object light up it's in fact the lighting of the entire part because we haven't partitioned this part and we'll get to partitioning later abacus is only able to select separate partitions or an entire part file so in this case it's gonna try to select the entire part and we're okay with that I'm gonna click on it and then we're gonna say done and it gives us the edit section assignment window so the section we want is barbell section which is the one we just defined and it's telling us is a solid homogeneous it's steel which is all the information we provided it and we're gonna click on OK and now you see we do have a section assignment it's the barbell stand section and abacus has also gone ahead and changed the color here in the viewport just to let you know hey this parts been assigned a section you're good to go once again I'm gonna collapse these items just so that it's easier to see the rest of the tree we're not gonna work with profiles in this video although we will look at it in future tutorials a profile is helpful if maybe you're creating a beam such as eye beam so you can specify the eye beam profile and this I'll go ahead and click on it just so you know what I'm talking about see a create profile window you could be going with say an i-beam or a tea or an L and if I were go with I and click continue I could specify the dimensions of the beam but we're going to cancel out of that because that's not part of the simulation the next step is assembling now let's go over to the assembly module if you noticed I referred to these previous modes as modules I call them the materials module the sections module the profiles module may be module isn't the technically correct word these are more like different modes within a module if you want to know the modules you click up here in the module menu and you see part parts is in the part module where as materials sections and profiles are all on the property module so I sometimes use these names interchangeably so you should be aware of that it's not a big deal and you can go ahead and call it what you want well we're gonna go into assembly by double clicking on it and now we are in the assembly view it's blanked out the viewport because in the assembly view we have not yet imported any parts so the assembly itself is blank even though we have parts that can be imported every time you run a simulation in abacus you need to create an assembly now this sort of makes more sense when you have more than one part because then you can assemble them together position them correctly apply the correct set of constraints but in our case we only have the one part so it doesn't make a whole lot of sense but that's just the way it works even if we have only one part we got to create an assembly with that one part if we expand out the assembly container we see instances position constraints features sets surfaces etc and you'll learn more about things like sets in later tutorial videos in this one we're only gonna go with instances we don't need any this is position constrains kids we're only importing one object so we're not gonna be positioning other parts with respect to that one I'm gonna double click off instances gives me the create instance window and it fills out the parts and this list over here we only have the one and it's showing me a preview of what that would look like in the assembly window the only real option here is to choose whether you want your instance to be dependent which means you mesh the part or independent which means you mesh the instance and we're gonna take a deeper look at meshing in later videos in this one we're gonna go with dependent which means when we create the mesh later we're gonna be creating it in here in the part itself as opposed to creating the mesh in the assembly this has advantages and disadvantages and we'll talk about those later but just so you know you cannot have a mesh on a part and import that in and that import and other instance of that part and mesh it in the assembly you either choose one or the other and this time we're gonna go with mesh on the part now click on OK and there you see our part has been instance into the assembly and it's also listed here in the instances tree if you looking features you see it's created a coordinate system what that but we're not gonna worry too much about that in this tutorial video I'm going to collapse the assembly and we're going to move on to the next item which is steps every simulation abacus is carried out in a series of steps you have an initial step where you could possibly set up a few things such as maybe set your boundary conditions or maybe just not set anything at all in that initial step and then you can have a second step where maybe you apply a load on a certain part and maybe a third step where you assign another load or some other behavioral property and abacus will execute all of these steps one after another as different time steps within the simulation in our example we're only gonna need two steps the first is the initial step which every abacus simulation must have and the second step is going to be a loading step where we apply the loads we're going to apply the boundary conditions in the initial step but this is more a matter of preference sometimes you can assign it in the load step and it'll work out just fine but other times you have more complex simulations where you want to make sure you're applying different boundary conditions at different stages of the simulation and in that case you want to think about where you're applying loads and boundary conditions which steps and create the steps accordingly but you'll understand that better as you get deeper into abacus and more familiar with the whole environment then expand out steps and as you see abacus has already gone ahead and placed an initial step in place I'm gonna double-click on steps and gives me a create step window and I'm gonna call the step deluding step and I'm gonna tell abacus to insert this new step after the initial step the procedure type in our case is gonna be a general procedure and from all of the options listed over here we're going with static general because that's what we're doing in the simulation we're not doing a heat transfer we're not doing an explicit analysis or a dynamic analysis or any of these others ours is a very simple static general analysis I'm gonna click on continue after that the Edit step window gives you a few more options you might want to go ahead and type out a description over here you do fill out the description field and larger or more complex simulations just to keep track of what you're doing so when you come back here later you can read that and it'll hopefully make more sense if you've forgotten what you were thinking at the time I'm gonna leave all of the other properties intact in the basic tab and the incrementation tab and the other tab see we don't want to worry too much about all of these properties in this beginner tutorial the only one I'm gonna point out is the time period that tells abacus how much time it needs to spend performing this step so your initial could be one time step and then you're loading could be a second time step and then on a third one you have maybe another load or whatever else you want to do in your third step I'm gonna go ahead and click OK and there you see we've created a loading step so now we've got initial and loading and they're both marked over there next we're going to click on field output requests you see two items over here field output request and history output request now this can be a little confusing for beginners so let me explain what the difference between these two is a field output request is basically the set of data that advocates should gather from all parts of your model or all parts of your part file let's say you want to know the stress distribution over the entire part so every X number of steps or maybe every time step abacus is gonna record the stress at every point at every node in this model and store it in your output file so basically a field output request applies to a very large region or to the entire part also abacus doesn't store this data very frequently because otherwise your output would get very large so few outputs are variables that have been stored over large regions and not to frequent intervals in the simulation history output on the other hand is the complete opposite let's say you want to know the displacement of this little node up here over at the time of the simulation you would use a history up and request for that basically history output requests focus on very tiny regions and abacus stores that data with a higher frequency so you might be interested in seeing exactly how this point moves as a load is applied on the barbell stand so it's basically a difference in thinking a different approach the field output requests sort of gather information on the entire part and not so frequent intervals whereas a history output request focusing or zero and on one tiny little point or part and record the information a lot more frequently so maybe later you can plot displacement versus time or something like that we're gonna go ahead and expand out the field output requests you see abacus by default creates a field output request and you can right click on that delete it and then create a new one by double clicking on field output requests and you see it's calling it f output - or we could just modify the one that's already there by right-clicking on it and saying edit and by default abacus selects a few variables that if things are useful in all simulations so you see you've got pre-selected defaults selected over here whereas if you wanted to select your own set of variables you click on select from list below and then choose the ones you want the pretty selected defaults are a few key ones like stresses and displacements which is what we're going to use when we look at the deformed shape of the object once we've run the analysis and there's a host of others you could go through this they've got very descriptive names so you can check off the ones you need in addition for the domain it's been set to the whole domain which is pretty good for a field output usually in a history output you might be going for a set but in field outputs I like to go with the whole model just cuz it gives me all the information I need for post-processing later in terms of frequency has been set to every n increments so every and every increment in your analysis abacus is gonna store this information in the output file you could tell it to just store it at the last increment or evenly-spaced time intervals or from time points which you would define over here in the time points mode or module but we're not gonna do that in this simulation we're gonna leave it at every n increments and keep in mind some of these options such as every X units of time are more applicable to an explicit analysis not a static or standard analysis so abacus may not allow you to select some of these even if you tried we're gonna go ahead and click on ok and so we've got our field outputs defined as for history outputs it's a similar procedure I'm gonna open it up and you see it's got a few pre-selected defaults and you can change those if you want and you can change the domain you can change the frequency we're just gonna leave it as it is for now for this simulation and click on OK I'm gonna skip over a bunch of these modules you see over here we don't have any interactions going on in this simulation we don't have contact although theoretically we've got a barbell contacting this barbell stand but in our simulation we're just applying a force over here instead of placing a barbell on top of that so we don't need contact either and we don't have any fields or amplitudes we're gonna create our load as a pressure as opposed to an amplitude if maybe you had an explosion going off and you were creating a finite element simulation for armor plating or a blast resistant panel then you might want to go in with amplitudes cuz of in an explosion you know the force generated changes with time so you've got a sort of a wave and then you could use the amplitude of module to create that force we're gonna go with simple loads so I'm gonna double click on loads and it gives me the create load window here I'm gonna name it lured from barbell now the step I want it to be applied in is the loading step if you recall you have an initial step and a loading step but we do not want this load applied right at the start of the simulation we want the simulation to get ready and then apply it in the loading step for the category we're gonna go with mechanical you see it it's not even going to let us choose some of these other options we just haven't defined enough properties in the simulation yet and in the mechanical category we want to go with a pressure load we could go with concentrated force but then you'd be applying it at a specific point where as we want to apply it over this entire face in the u-shaped holder so that's why I'm going with a pressure now of course you make different assumptions when you're running your simulations you side whether you want to model your force as a pressure or a constant force or a shell edge load and this is gonna change from simulation to simulation but in this one we're gonna go with pressure because it makes the most sense we click on continue and abacus says select the surfaces for the load and you can select them individually or by angle we're gonna go individually also if you had defined surfaces earlier such as in the assembly module if you expand that out you see sets and surfaces in assembly we could have given some of these surfaces names identified them and name them and now in the loads module once we're back in hope it kicked me out for a second so let me just fill this back up here once you're in the loads it would give me the option of clicking here on surfaces and then picking out those surfaces that we'd identified in the assembly module since we haven't done that we're gonna pick out the surfaces right here within the loads module and so I'm gonna say select the surfaces individually I'm going to click on that surface and then I click on done so we selected the surface now abacus wants to know what kind of load I want to put on it so for the magnitude I'm gonna say 400 now I'm assuming this is an idiot ihla grande barbell so each barbell Stan needs to hold the weight of 40 kilograms and you know kilograms is a unit of mass we want force some multiplying it by 9.8 or well I'm multiplying it by 10 just to make the calculation easier and I'm making that 400 so that's 400 Newton's of force that we're applying and as for the amplitude we spoke about over here we haven't created one so we're gonna leave that at the default and we're gonna leave the distribution at uniform as well and I click on OK and you see abacus has created little arrows over there showing me that a force is being applied on the surface I could zoom in a little closer for you and there you see them so now we've defined the load the next step is to define the boundary conditions so I come over here to boundary conditions I double-click on that and I'm gonna name it fixed to ground that's because our barbell stand is gonna be placed on the ground maybe even locked in there so we want to tell abacus that hey this lower part of the barbell stand that's fixed so don't move this it's not falling through the sky or anything it's fixed to the ground so it's only this top section here that's really free to move as for the step I could leave it at loading step and I prefer to change it to initial I like applying my boundary conditions before the loads are applied and that might be a matter of personal preference but I found this works pretty well when you've got a lot of boundary conditions and a lot of steps and can get pretty confusing later on so I'm gonna set it to initial the category is mechanical as for the constraint itself I'm gonna go with in castor in Castro is when you fix something so it has zero degrees of freedom it cannot translate an X Y or Z nor can it rotate about any of those in different simulations you might choose different ones over here depending on your needs so I'm gonna go with symmetry anti symmetry in castor click on it click on continue sorry and then abacus says select the regions for the boundary condition I want to select the region at the bottom so what I'm gonna do is rotate this around by using the rotate view tool come back here rotate her around click on the tool again so I returned back to what abacus wanted and I can click on it now and then I click on done but before I click done let me just explain you see the sets button here now if in the assembly and I'm not gonna click on it kids then off to redo these steps but if in assembly you could define sets then you can just click on sets and select the set instead of choosing it over here in this viewport I'm gonna click on done and next it's asking me to be more specific am I going for symmetry condition am I trying to pin it or am I trying to like fix it completely so I'm gonna go with in cast R which means the translations as well as the rotations are all 0 and then I click OK and there you see abacus has marked the boundary conditions on it and a rotator around and so you can see the entire bottom has been fixed in place the next step is to mesh the part now if you recall when we imported the instances into the assembly it asked us if he wanted it to be dependent or independent and we chose dependent which means the mesh has to be created on the part file itself so we're going to go up two parts over here expand it out expand out our barbell sand and the mesh object over here you notice it's empty because we haven't created a mesh yet so I'm going to double click on it and that brings me into the mesh module you see over here it says module mesh so we've essentially run through all of these by using the tree on the left some people prefer to navigate through the interface using this drop-down instead but I prefer going down the tree you can see what works better for you and decide accordingly I'll form mesh the first thing we want to do is create the elements so we're gonna say mesh element type and this is where we tell abacus what kind of elements we want to use I'm gonna go with the standard library because this is a standard analysis not an explicit I'm gonna go with linear and leave it at hex now meshing can be a little complicated generally it requires some level of knowledge of finite element analysis itself to understand what types of meshes are better for different activities but we're gonna have a video dedicated to just that later on in this tutorial series for now let's just go with a mesh that I've already worked with and I've got decent results with it when I say the geometric order is linear and I'm gonna click OK next you want to seep the part seating the part is where you essentially tell abacus how small you want to make each of the cells so you go to seed part you could individually seed edges if you wanted to but we're just gonna go with the entire part here I'm gonna set the approximate global size to 0.05 meters I'm gonna leave everything else are the default and click OK and there you see the seeds have been worked out on the part itself and you can see there's 0.05 meters apart because that's what I specified and then finally you go to mesh and you tell it to actually go ahead and mesh the object but before that I want to click on done just so that advocates know seating was completed I'm gonna go back to mesh and save part and abacus asked me is it okay to mesh the part I'm gonna say yes and there you see abacus has gone ahead and meshed the part for me our next task is to create the job itself I'm going to scroll down to the analysis tree and analysis you see a jobs container I'm gonna double click on that jobs container and it changes us to the job module I'm gonna name our job loaded barbell stand the source is the model not an input file input files are different when you're working at abacus CAE you've got this whole interface to help you out but sometimes in research and even before this whole pre-processing environment was created for abacus you would have to use input files where you type out your instructions as opposed to generating them by clicking around in this GUI interface I'm gonna click on continue and I see the Edit job window you can give it a description and there's a lot of options here you can set in like memory requirements and the parallelization and stuff like that to help you run your simulation maybe your computer's crashing just doesn't have enough memory and you could make some changes in the memory tab mostly we're just gonna look at the submission tab right here and I'm gonna tell it to go ahead and do a full analysis for the simulation you do have some other options such as for example a restart job and this would be if you've already gathered some data using a previous analysis and you want to restart the analysis from that point using that data but in our case we're just gonna go with a simple flow analysis and click the ok button and now you've seen the jobs container we have a job created for us in order of run it we're gonna right click on it and we're gonna say submit if we said data check abacus would try to check to our data and tell us if it thinks the simulation is gonna run successfully or not maybe it might detect problems with your machine in fact when you hit the submit button it does initially do the data check and then move on to the simulation but sometimes if you've got really big simulations that go on for hours you might want to do a data check first before hitting submit in our case we're just gonna go ahead and hit the submit button and you see it says submitted over here in parentheses and at the bottom of your window you see abacus talking about what it's doing at the moment and now it says it's running so it was submitted it went through the input file processor and then it successfully completed running a standard analysis and you see here it says completed in parentheses now once it's been completed we can right click on it and say results and now what you are looking at is the results module and the tree over here is a results tree as opposed to previously you were looking at the model tree and the results tree you can basically visualize the results of your analysis and also deal with other options such as exporting your output files generating a few plots and exporting them and we're just gonna look at a few basic things right now first thing you see is your matched object if you want to see how it would have deformed or the results of the simulation how they say it's deformed you come over here and click on the plot deform shape and you see abacus display is a deformed shape of your barbell stand and I can use the rotate view command to move around and look at that better of course this is highly exaggerated your barbell stand you would not want it to deform so much if I click back and forth between these you see that's a lot of deformation and there's no way steel has deformed that much with a 40 kilogram load so abacus has gone ahead and you'll multiplied your deformation by a factor just to help you visualize things better but there is a way to change that and we'll cover that in another tutorial another thing I want you to look at is the deformed shape you want to plot contours on the deform shape you click on the plot contours button and there you see it's plotted the mices stress on the barbell stand itself and here you see a key telling you what the colors stand for so you can see where your stress concentrations are you seem to have the most right here along this front face and a little less on the back because our force was not directly above the vertical column so this is not purely a tensile or compressive problem you've also got bending going on and that's why you've got higher stresses down here and lower ones out there and you've got some stresses here at the base where the column connects what the base itself and so we've run through a basic simulation of abacus we've modeled the barbell stand we've created materials assign properties loads boundary conditions we've seen how to assemble stuff we've created steps and we've created a job we've meshed the part and we've run the analysis so we've done a whole bunch of stuff in this set of tutorial videos it's not a very complex analysis every analysis you perform in abacus requires to do diligence you need to go through the process it's not a two minute job you need to make sure you're putting in all the right properties all the right parameters and only then will you have a successful simulation in some simulation software such as in cosmos words with SolidWorks it might seem a whole lot simpler at first because you just don't have the level of detail and control that you do in abacus but you've got to remember abacus is basically a research tool that's how it originated and so it's got the power and complexity associated with that the complexity of course might be a downside for a beginner but once you get good at it you can really perform pretty much any type of simulation you're looking for and I hope this initial set of introduction tutorial videos has got you acclimatize the abacus environment you've got a general feel for how you perform a simulation in this environment and you understand like all the basic steps that go into it in future videos we're gonna look or focus more closely on smaller details like we might look more closely at different types of loads or boundary conditions or creating sets surfaces etc and if you've understood everything in this tutorial video you're ready to move on to more complex simulations so stick around we'll see you in the next advocates video you