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Optical Illusions and Perception

Jul 4, 2025

Overview

This lecture explores how optical illusions demonstrate the brain's role in shaping what we see, emphasizing that perception is influenced by both biology and experience.

How We See

  • Our vision is not a direct reflection of reality but an interpretation created by the brain.
  • The brain uses past experiences to make sense of incoming visual information.
  • Optical illusions reveal the brain's shortcuts and assumptions when processing visual data.

Role of Evolution and Experience

  • Evolution has shaped the brain to interpret ambiguous sensory information for survival.
  • Perception is adaptive, not always accurate, because it must be useful rather than literal.
  • Cultural and individual experiences further influence how each person interprets what they see.

Insights from Optical Illusions

  • Optical illusions work because the brain relies on context and prior knowledge to construct images.
  • Color and light perception are affected by surrounding colors and light sources.
  • The brain fills in gaps and can be tricked into seeing things that are not physically present.

Key Terms & Definitions

  • Optical Illusion — a visual image that deceives the eyes and brain by appearing to differ from reality.
  • Perception — the process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information.
  • Context — the surrounding visual and experiential information that influences perception.

Action Items / Next Steps

  • Reflect on how personal experiences may shape your perception of everyday scenes.
  • Research additional optical illusions to observe how your own brain interprets them.