Horse Pelvis Anatomy Overview

Hello everyone and welcome back to another anatomy video where we are going to start talking about the skeleton of the hind limb. In this video we will talk about the anatomy of the pelvis of the horse and after that we are going to compare that one of the horse with other animal species. Okay, and here we have equine pelvis. The pelvis consists of two hip bones which meet ventrally at the pelvic symphysis. In young animals, of course, the two hip bones articulate to each other. So that means inside the pelvis symphysis here we can see in young animals like cartilage, you know, to allow growth of the pelvis. In adult animals, of course. course the two hip bones are completely fused with each other each hip bone is composed of three parts with separate ossification centers here we're talking about three bones are there to form the hip bone the ilium this one here the bupess and ischium The pubis and ischium of each hip unite ventrally here in this area to form the pelvic symphysis. So that means the pelvic symphysis has two parts, the cranial part here is the pubic part and the caudal part here is the ischial part. And now let's move to the lateral view here where we can see these two bones in the lateral view. And let's start talking about the ilium. The ilium forms the dorsal cranial part of the hip bone. And extends as you can see here from the acetabulum to the sacrum. Which normally articulates with the wing of the ilium in this area here. The ilium can be divided into a cranial expanded wing here as you can see it's very flat and big and a little bit here we have the columnar body. Here we have to mention that the three bones ilium, ischium and bupous they meet together here in the middle to form the acetabulum that means the body of the ilium contributes to the formation of the acetabulum. The orientation of the ilial wings is species specific so here in the horse the wings are oriented vertically and very important landmark actually in all domestic animals not only in the horse is the coxal tuberosity here we have the coxal tuberosity up there we have the sacral tuberosity The border between the sacral tuberosity and the coxal tuberosity is called the iliac crest. The iliac crest extends between the coxal tuberosity and sacral tuberosity here. The wing of the ilium has two services, the lateral service and there we have the medial service. The lateral service has another name called the gluteal service, just because this is the area of origin of the gluteal muscles. And that's why on this surface we can see this very developed gluteal line. If we look at the medial surface of the wing of the ilium here we can see like a rough surface called the auricular surface. This surface is there for the articulation with the wings of the sacrum. So here the dorsomedial border of the iliac wing is deeply concave to form the greater sciatic notch. This is actually the area where the sciatic nerve moves over the greater sciatic notch. Here we can mention also that the ventral border of the body of the idiom is marked by what's called the arcuate line. Okay and now before we move to the next bone we have to mention that the coxal tuberosity or tubercox is very important here. could be seen or bad bait and carnivores from outside it's also very very clear and we can see it on live animals in horse and cow for example and it forms actually the origin of the internal abdominal muscle so now let's move and look at the pubis the pubis is L shape so here we have the body of the pubis and so it has like a body and two branches the body is here and here we have that sitabular branch and the symphusial branch of the pupus so here it's also very clear that the pupus contributes to the formation of this very big foramen the biggest frame in the body actually called the obturator foramen good so the cranial edge of the pupus for and called the pectin of pupus or the pectin osseous pupus and it forms here in this area the iliopupic eminence here in the case of the horse the ventral service of the iliopupic eminence is crossed by the pupic groove there is a groove here leads to the to the acetabulum here it's this groove is very important you know because it forms the place for the accessory ligament of the the head of the femur bone which is present in the horse okay now let's move and talk about the ischium the ischium in general can be divided into the body here at the body and we have also the caudal plate of the ischium and the medial branch there The medial branch contributes also to the formation of the obturator foramen as you can see here. Here we can see that the body of the ischium continues with the body of the ilium to form finally here this projection called the sciatic spine. Behind the spine here, cowardly, we have the lesser sciatic notch as we said before in front of the spine here this concave. The border of the body of the ilium forms the greater asiatic notch. Here it is very important to mention this very big and developed projection from the ischium called the ischial tuberosity. If you look exactly the two the caudal borders of the ischium here left and right they meet together to form what's called the ischial arch. So now let's just put the pelvis in a dorsal view as you can see here and go through the structures. Perhaps we forgot to mention something. So cranially here we have the wings of the ilium with two very big tubercles or I mean projections called this one here. ischial tuberosity as we said before origin of the internal oblique abdominal muscle here toward the sacrum we have the sacral tuberosity on the wing on the lateral surface of the wing of the ilium or we name this surface as gluteal surface we have the gluteal line very clear left and right here So there is just one line here in the horse while we are going to see three lines in carnivores. For example, if we move here we have the body of the ilium which contributes as we say for the formation of the acetabulum. Here in the middle here we have the sciatic spine. In front of it we have the greater sciatic. notch the lesser asiatic notch is here in this view we can see also the pubis the pubis which forms also the the foramen this week foramen the obturator foramen in the middle between the right hip bone and the left hip bone we have the symphysis pelvis here, the caudally of the ischium we have the ischial tuberosity or tuberous sciaticum left and right they are extremely important as the origin for the long muscles of the thigh for example here both of them they form what's called the ischial sciatic arch if we move to the ventral view of the pelvis again the knee The medial surface of the ilium or of the wing of the ilium has what's called here the auricular surface for the articulation with the wings of the sacrum. Here, so we forgot to mention these two tubercles. This is the tubercles for the insertion of the lesser absous muscles and next to it here we can see these two rough surfaces. These are the areas for the insertion of the straight muscle of the thigh or the rectus femoris. These two areas here we have here between the body of the ilium and the pubis we have the iliopubic eminence. Here this area called the Bacten osseous pubis or the Bacten of pubis. If we move to this surface we can see again the symphysis pelvis which we say it has two parts the pubic part and the ischial part. Here we have the two very big foramina or the obturator foramina. Obturator foramen is not so empty is also is actually closed with a soft tissue and muscles. so from outside here you will find like the external turrita muscle from inside we have the internal turrita muscles they close them the the frame completely uh through the foramen actually we can also find three structures moving through this through it they have the same name the obturator near the obturator artery and the obturator vein um good and Let's go directly and talk about the acetabulum. The acetabulum is formed, as we said before, by the three bones, by the ileum, by the ischium, and by the pubis. Here, if you look exactly at the acetabulum, it has a very smooth surface for the articulation with the head of the femur bone. This service is called the facius lunata or the lunate service. Lunate service, there in the middle here we have rough service with some foramens here. This is the citabular fossa. The citabular fossa is rough because it's the origin of or is for ligament attachment. And here from this fossa. we have the ligament of the head of the femur bone or called the ligamentum capitis osis femoris which moves from this fossa to the fovea capitis of the head of the femur bone here we can see how the the fascius lunata is not completely closed there is an opening here is the acetabular notch this opening is supported of course with the transfers acetabular ligament to protect the femur head ventrally. Here as we said before in the horse in addition to the ligamentum capitis osseous femurs we have another ligament called the accessory ligament of the of the the femur head moves in this direction here and And now let's move and talk more about the comparative anatomy by looking at the pelvis of some other animals. Here we have the pelvis of the ox. So before we talk about the differences between the ox and other animals. So let's go. quickly through the different structures of the pelvis as you can see here and the same way the pelvis has two hip bones each hip bone is formed by three bones the ilium the pupus and the ischium the ilium like other animals has very big flat wing this is the wing of the ilium and here is the body of the ilium here So while we are describing these structures we will talk about some differences like for example here the gluteal line is more prominent and and more clear comparing to other animals so they're very thick and projected from the wing this is the gluteal line you know we say that the wing has two services this is the gluteal service or the lateral service while While here is the medial service where we have if you remember we say let's go to that service here. So we have these two articular services with the wing of the sacrum. This is what's called the auricular service. Auricular service for the articulation with the wings of the sacrum. And here let's go to this area again. So the ilium has two very big in the aux has also two very big developed projections. here called the coxal tuberosity and the sacral tuberosity here if we want to compare the this border here which named the crest the iliac crest is more straight here in the ox comparing to the concave one of the horse for example um okay so here let's go to the to this view here again As we described in the horse the same way here the spine the sciatic spine is not that developed here or clear like that one of the horse. So here we have the sciatic spine in front of it here. We have the sciatic notch. We have two notches. So this is the minor or the lesser sciatic notch and this is the greater sciatic notch. The greater sciatic notch in that. this one here the greater sciatic notch in the horse was actually a little bit more convex so again so this is the spine and this is the two sciatic notches the greater one is in in the front of the spine the lesser one is behind the spine as we are in this view let's move and look at the acetabulum the acetabulum here is very specific and as you can see the facius lunata or the lunate surface is divided in the ox into two parts the greater part and lesser part it's it's so this is the case just in the ox so that happens actually because there is actually one more notch here called the cranioventral notch divided this surface here into two parts this is the case just in the ox so that means in the ox we have two notches so the normal one which we learned in other animals called the acetabular notch and here we have one extra called the cranioventral notch the cranioventral notch if we stay in this view here we have again like the horse the pubis the pubis with two branches so the symphusial and the acetabular branch here this border called the Bactenosis pubis like that one of the horse of course here we don't have the groove which we saw on the horse because there is no accessory ligament of the head of the femur and the ox so as we are in this view we can see here how the ventral border of the symphysis pelvis is very developed and has like big projections so which we didn't find in the horse but in the same time of course between the two hip bones in the ox we have also the symphysis pelvis which could be divided into two parts the pubic part and the ischial part here of course the same way in all animals we have the two very big obturator for ramina, obturator for ramina. Let's go to this view one more time here. in this view again we can see the ischium the ischium with the body this is the body of the ischium this is the queen the medial branch and this is the caudal blade the ischium here and the ox has a very big very big ischial tuberosity i would like to show you the ischial tuberosity of the ox here look exactly you will find how the ischial tuberosity of the ox here is divided into three parts this is also the same just in the ox so compared to that one of the horse if you see something like this here three parts like triangular yeah three part that means you have the pelvis of the ox and here cow the border of the ischium or both ischium here we have the ischial arch the ischial arch okay so I think this is everything we can see here in the ox and let's move and look at that one of the camel so here we have the pelvis of the camel Yeah, of course, good news for all of us that we have the same structures. That means two hip bones and each hip bone is formed by three bones, the ilium, the pubis and the ischium. But if you remember, look at the ischium, for example, here, the ischium here has, you know, very small like cowdung blade comparing to the ox and the horse. So in general, in general. The main difference between the cow and other animals is the shape of the pelvis. Let's start with the ilium. In this case, look at this one here. We can see the wing of the ilium. So for me the gluteal line is not that clear compared to the ox and the horse. yes we have the sacral tuberosity and the coxal tuberosity the coxal tuberosity comparing to you know to the horse or cow is not that developed of course we have very big you know coxal tuberosity but if you want to compare this one to the to the ox or horse it's not that you know clear I mean developed here another another another difference is here the border extends between the sacral tuberosity and the coxal tuberosity here it's more concave you know sorry more convex you know while it was like straight in the ox and concave in the horse concave in the horse here it's convex as you can see there are a lot of muscular lines here for muscle attachment so um the spine here the lateral view yes we can see here the sciatic spine but it's not that big and the if you remember here in front of the spine we say that we have the greater sciatic notch it's more flat here comparing to that one of the ox and and the horse they were in the ox and horse you know more uh more con Cave here the lesser sciatic notch is very small. It's deep but small comparing to the other animals. Okay, so if you look at the of the acetabulum yes so this is another another things we have to think about you know if you look exactly at this acetabulum for me it's you know the the facius lunata is is not completely divided there is a small connection here so but in general this rough surface between the two parts of the facius lunata could divide this fascious nata into two parts but you know from outside there is no extra notch like that one of the ox for example so we have just one notch so that means the here we have the fascious nata we have the acetabular fossa and deeper there and we have the acetabular notch here of course if we look at the pubic bone or pubis it's also L-shaped with two branches acetabular and symphusial it contributes to the formation of the obturator foramen of course here we have the pectin osis pubis no extra groove here for the for extra like accessory ligament because there is no accessory ligament of the head of the femur bone here we have a big projection from the symphysis pelvis which could be divided also into pubic and ischial parts and ischial parts here we have the ischial arch the ischial arch and the ischial tuberosity it's something similar to that one of the horse but it's not divided into three bars like that one of the ox okay okay this was the pelvis of the camel okay and now let's talk about the pelvis of the sheep as you can see here in the same way so we have three bones to form the The hip bone, we have the ilium, we have the pupus and the ischium. The ilium has also like a wing. It's not that wide like that one of the horse or the camel or the ox, for example, with two projections, the coxal tuberosity and the sacral tuberosity. The gluteal line is not that clear. here of course but we have a gluteal line here here in the lateral view we can see the the sciatic spine the middle here in front of it we have the the greater sciatic notch the lesser sciatic notch it's more more flat here comparing to other animals The acetabulum for example in the sheep is not divided so we have the facius lunata here, we have the fossa in the middle here and very narrow, very narrow acetabular notch comparing to other animals so there is no extra notch here like that one of the ox. If we go to the ventral view here, yes, on the medial surface of the wing, we can see here left and right the auricular surface for the articulation with the wings of the sacrum. Here we have the body of the ilium, the area between the body of the ilium and the pubis. the pupus we have these two projections they are very developed here in the in the sheeps so this is the ilios pubic eminence the ilio pubic eminence we have the Becton osseous pubis here the symphysis pelvis so this is adult sheath that's why the two hip bones are completely fused together so the symphysis pelvis or symphysis pelvis is is also divided into two parts the pubic part and the ischial part so if we go and look at the ischium the ischium has a body the medial branch for the formation of the obturator foramen we have the caudal plate is also very developed like that one of the ox for example if you look at the ischial tuberosity it's very developed do you remember that one of the ox it was like divided into three parts here it looks yeah okay so it's also divided if you want to consider this three parts it's fine but it's not like that one one of the ox of course and the ox was like on the corner here with three not separated parts so it's not the same like here um of course we have the two very big here obturator foramina um what else so nothing special for example here we have the the iliac wrist is a little bit you know concave comparing with that one of the ox today remember the ox in the ox was more to read so extends between the coxal tuberosity and the sacral tuberosity so and now let's move and talk about the the purpose of the of the dog So if we look at the pelvis of the dog, let's move this one to the side. So this is the pelvis of the dog. Yeah, the pelvis of the dog has its own specific shape as you can see. Of course it consists of two parts. of three uh two hip bones it has uh three bones the ilium the pupus ventrally here and the ischium they meet also together to form the the acetabulum if you look at the acetabulum let's go to this acetabulum here if you look at the acetabulum yeah the fascia stonata is also not divided has very small service for the articulation with the head of the femur bone in the middle here we have the acetabular fossa as we described before the origin of the ligamentum capitis os femoris or the ligament of the head of the female bone here is also clear that the fasciae lunata or the lunate service is not completely closed you know the here we have this window this small window represents actually that sitabula notch that sitabula notch is very wide here comparing to that one of the sheep for example look at that one of the sheep is very narrow compared to that one of the dog Thank you. Okay, what else? If we look in the lateral view here, we can see the ilium, the ilium wing and ilium body. This is the body of the ilium. Here we have the sacral tuberosity and the coxal tuberosity. And this is the only situation here where we have the iliac crust. here like a convex yeah it's a convex iliac wrist extends between the coxal tuberosity and the sacral tuberosity and the sacral tuberosity here on the medial surface of the wing of course left and right we have the auricular surface for the articulation with the wing of the sacrum here the sciatic spine is very flat it's you know not clear so here we have the greater sciatic notch and lesser is here but it's also not clear just because you know the spine itself is not clear there if we move to the The pubis is also L-shaped, has body two branches, the left and the right pubis meet together to form the pubic part of the symphysis pelvis, while the two ischial bones meet together to form the ischial tube. part of the symphysis pelvis so as you can see here the pubis and the medial branch of the ischium they contribute to the formation of the obturator foramen here we have also very good developed like ischial tuberosities this is the ischial tuberosities not divided like that one of the ox or even of the Sheep here, we have the ischial arch, the ischial arch and eventually it's also clear here the symphysis pelvis, you know, with two parts, the pubic and the ischial part here, this border of the pubis represents the pectin of the pubis or the pectin of the pubis. pupus here left and right we have these two projections here they are of course not that you know clear like that one of the of the sheep for example this is the ilio pubic eminence ilio pubic eminence so it's there in the dog but it's not that developed like that one of other animals of course in cranial to the acetabulum in the ventral view here we can see this rough surface here as you know the area for the attachment of the tendon of the straight muscle of the thigh or rectus femoris muscle okay that's everything we can see here in the pelvis of the dog so again the main structures for the comparative anatomy you have to look at is the acetabulum, the acetabulum if it's divided or not, the ischium and the ischial tuberosity if it's divided or not, and the shape actually of the wing of the ilium and the iliac crest as we mentioned before. And of course the direction and orientation of the wings of the ilium. the sacrum you know as you can see here it's more vertical here in the carnivores comparing to that one of the horse and and ox or or camel even camel and and sheep for example they were like more flattened craniodorsally like this one here look at this one and this one so here it's more vertical it's more vertical comparing to that one of the ox sorry this is sheep and again here as we have there then both in our hands look at the concave the at Christ here compared to the convex in the accuracy of the pelvis of the heart of the dog so that's everything for the comparative anatomy of the pelvis and see you later in the next video we will move and talk about Next bone of the skeleton of the Heimlichian butchered os femurs or the femur bone. See you later.

In young animals, of course, the two hip bones articulate to each other. So that means inside the pelvis symphysis here we can see in young animals like cartilage, you know, to allow growth of the pelvis. In adult animals, of course.

course the two hip bones are completely fused with each other each hip bone is composed of three parts with separate ossification centers here we're talking about three bones are there to form the hip bone the ilium this one here the bupess and ischium The pubis and ischium of each hip unite ventrally here in this area to form the pelvic symphysis. So that means the pelvic symphysis has two parts, the cranial part here is the pubic part and the caudal part here is the ischial part. And now let's move to the lateral view here where we can see these two bones in the lateral view.

And let's start talking about the ilium. The ilium forms the dorsal cranial part of the hip bone. And extends as you can see here from the acetabulum to the sacrum.

Which normally articulates with the wing of the ilium in this area here. The ilium can be divided into a cranial expanded wing here as you can see it's very flat and big and a little bit here we have the columnar body. Here we have to mention that the three bones ilium, ischium and bupous they meet together here in the middle to form the acetabulum that means the body of the ilium contributes to the formation of the acetabulum.

The orientation of the ilial wings is species specific so here in the horse the wings are oriented vertically and very important landmark actually in all domestic animals not only in the horse is the coxal tuberosity here we have the coxal tuberosity up there we have the sacral tuberosity The border between the sacral tuberosity and the coxal tuberosity is called the iliac crest. The iliac crest extends between the coxal tuberosity and sacral tuberosity here. The wing of the ilium has two services, the lateral service and there we have the medial service. The lateral service has another name called the gluteal service, just because this is the area of origin of the gluteal muscles. And that's why on this surface we can see this very developed gluteal line.

If we look at the medial surface of the wing of the ilium here we can see like a rough surface called the auricular surface. This surface is there for the articulation with the wings of the sacrum. So here the dorsomedial border of the iliac wing is deeply concave to form the greater sciatic notch.

This is actually the area where the sciatic nerve moves over the greater sciatic notch. Here we can mention also that the ventral border of the body of the idiom is marked by what's called the arcuate line. Okay and now before we move to the next bone we have to mention that the coxal tuberosity or tubercox is very important here.

could be seen or bad bait and carnivores from outside it's also very very clear and we can see it on live animals in horse and cow for example and it forms actually the origin of the internal abdominal muscle so now let's move and look at the pubis the pubis is L shape so here we have the body of the pubis and so it has like a body and two branches the body is here and here we have that sitabular branch and the symphusial branch of the pupus so here it's also very clear that the pupus contributes to the formation of this very big foramen the biggest frame in the body actually called the obturator foramen good so the cranial edge of the pupus for and called the pectin of pupus or the pectin osseous pupus and it forms here in this area the iliopupic eminence here in the case of the horse the ventral service of the iliopupic eminence is crossed by the pupic groove there is a groove here leads to the to the acetabulum here it's this groove is very important you know because it forms the place for the accessory ligament of the the head of the femur bone which is present in the horse okay now let's move and talk about the ischium the ischium in general can be divided into the body here at the body and we have also the caudal plate of the ischium and the medial branch there The medial branch contributes also to the formation of the obturator foramen as you can see here. Here we can see that the body of the ischium continues with the body of the ilium to form finally here this projection called the sciatic spine. Behind the spine here, cowardly, we have the lesser sciatic notch as we said before in front of the spine here this concave.

The border of the body of the ilium forms the greater asiatic notch. Here it is very important to mention this very big and developed projection from the ischium called the ischial tuberosity. If you look exactly the two the caudal borders of the ischium here left and right they meet together to form what's called the ischial arch.

So now let's just put the pelvis in a dorsal view as you can see here and go through the structures. Perhaps we forgot to mention something. So cranially here we have the wings of the ilium with two very big tubercles or I mean projections called this one here. ischial tuberosity as we said before origin of the internal oblique abdominal muscle here toward the sacrum we have the sacral tuberosity on the wing on the lateral surface of the wing of the ilium or we name this surface as gluteal surface we have the gluteal line very clear left and right here So there is just one line here in the horse while we are going to see three lines in carnivores. For example, if we move here we have the body of the ilium which contributes as we say for the formation of the acetabulum.

Here in the middle here we have the sciatic spine. In front of it we have the greater sciatic. notch the lesser asiatic notch is here in this view we can see also the pubis the pubis which forms also the the foramen this week foramen the obturator foramen in the middle between the right hip bone and the left hip bone we have the symphysis pelvis here, the caudally of the ischium we have the ischial tuberosity or tuberous sciaticum left and right they are extremely important as the origin for the long muscles of the thigh for example here both of them they form what's called the ischial sciatic arch if we move to the ventral view of the pelvis again the knee The medial surface of the ilium or of the wing of the ilium has what's called here the auricular surface for the articulation with the wings of the sacrum.

Here, so we forgot to mention these two tubercles. This is the tubercles for the insertion of the lesser absous muscles and next to it here we can see these two rough surfaces. These are the areas for the insertion of the straight muscle of the thigh or the rectus femoris.

These two areas here we have here between the body of the ilium and the pubis we have the iliopubic eminence. Here this area called the Bacten osseous pubis or the Bacten of pubis. If we move to this surface we can see again the symphysis pelvis which we say it has two parts the pubic part and the ischial part.

Here we have the two very big foramina or the obturator foramina. Obturator foramen is not so empty is also is actually closed with a soft tissue and muscles. so from outside here you will find like the external turrita muscle from inside we have the internal turrita muscles they close them the the frame completely uh through the foramen actually we can also find three structures moving through this through it they have the same name the obturator near the obturator artery and the obturator vein um good and Let's go directly and talk about the acetabulum.

The acetabulum is formed, as we said before, by the three bones, by the ileum, by the ischium, and by the pubis. Here, if you look exactly at the acetabulum, it has a very smooth surface for the articulation with the head of the femur bone. This service is called the facius lunata or the lunate service. Lunate service, there in the middle here we have rough service with some foramens here. This is the citabular fossa.

The citabular fossa is rough because it's the origin of or is for ligament attachment. And here from this fossa. we have the ligament of the head of the femur bone or called the ligamentum capitis osis femoris which moves from this fossa to the fovea capitis of the head of the femur bone here we can see how the the fascius lunata is not completely closed there is an opening here is the acetabular notch this opening is supported of course with the transfers acetabular ligament to protect the femur head ventrally. Here as we said before in the horse in addition to the ligamentum capitis osseous femurs we have another ligament called the accessory ligament of the of the the femur head moves in this direction here and And now let's move and talk more about the comparative anatomy by looking at the pelvis of some other animals. Here we have the pelvis of the ox.

So before we talk about the differences between the ox and other animals. So let's go. quickly through the different structures of the pelvis as you can see here and the same way the pelvis has two hip bones each hip bone is formed by three bones the ilium the pupus and the ischium the ilium like other animals has very big flat wing this is the wing of the ilium and here is the body of the ilium here So while we are describing these structures we will talk about some differences like for example here the gluteal line is more prominent and and more clear comparing to other animals so they're very thick and projected from the wing this is the gluteal line you know we say that the wing has two services this is the gluteal service or the lateral service while While here is the medial service where we have if you remember we say let's go to that service here.

So we have these two articular services with the wing of the sacrum. This is what's called the auricular service. Auricular service for the articulation with the wings of the sacrum. And here let's go to this area again. So the ilium has two very big in the aux has also two very big developed projections.

here called the coxal tuberosity and the sacral tuberosity here if we want to compare the this border here which named the crest the iliac crest is more straight here in the ox comparing to the concave one of the horse for example um okay so here let's go to the to this view here again As we described in the horse the same way here the spine the sciatic spine is not that developed here or clear like that one of the horse. So here we have the sciatic spine in front of it here. We have the sciatic notch. We have two notches. So this is the minor or the lesser sciatic notch and this is the greater sciatic notch.

The greater sciatic notch in that. this one here the greater sciatic notch in the horse was actually a little bit more convex so again so this is the spine and this is the two sciatic notches the greater one is in in the front of the spine the lesser one is behind the spine as we are in this view let's move and look at the acetabulum the acetabulum here is very specific and as you can see the facius lunata or the lunate surface is divided in the ox into two parts the greater part and lesser part it's it's so this is the case just in the ox so that happens actually because there is actually one more notch here called the cranioventral notch divided this surface here into two parts this is the case just in the ox so that means in the ox we have two notches so the normal one which we learned in other animals called the acetabular notch and here we have one extra called the cranioventral notch the cranioventral notch if we stay in this view here we have again like the horse the pubis the pubis with two branches so the symphusial and the acetabular branch here this border called the Bactenosis pubis like that one of the horse of course here we don't have the groove which we saw on the horse because there is no accessory ligament of the head of the femur and the ox so as we are in this view we can see here how the ventral border of the symphysis pelvis is very developed and has like big projections so which we didn't find in the horse but in the same time of course between the two hip bones in the ox we have also the symphysis pelvis which could be divided into two parts the pubic part and the ischial part here of course the same way in all animals we have the two very big obturator for ramina, obturator for ramina. Let's go to this view one more time here.

in this view again we can see the ischium the ischium with the body this is the body of the ischium this is the queen the medial branch and this is the caudal blade the ischium here and the ox has a very big very big ischial tuberosity i would like to show you the ischial tuberosity of the ox here look exactly you will find how the ischial tuberosity of the ox here is divided into three parts this is also the same just in the ox so compared to that one of the horse if you see something like this here three parts like triangular yeah three part that means you have the pelvis of the ox and here cow the border of the ischium or both ischium here we have the ischial arch the ischial arch okay so I think this is everything we can see here in the ox and let's move and look at that one of the camel so here we have the pelvis of the camel Yeah, of course, good news for all of us that we have the same structures. That means two hip bones and each hip bone is formed by three bones, the ilium, the pubis and the ischium. But if you remember, look at the ischium, for example, here, the ischium here has, you know, very small like cowdung blade comparing to the ox and the horse.

So in general, in general. The main difference between the cow and other animals is the shape of the pelvis. Let's start with the ilium. In this case, look at this one here.

We can see the wing of the ilium. So for me the gluteal line is not that clear compared to the ox and the horse. yes we have the sacral tuberosity and the coxal tuberosity the coxal tuberosity comparing to you know to the horse or cow is not that developed of course we have very big you know coxal tuberosity but if you want to compare this one to the to the ox or horse it's not that you know clear I mean developed here another another another difference is here the border extends between the sacral tuberosity and the coxal tuberosity here it's more concave you know sorry more convex you know while it was like straight in the ox and concave in the horse concave in the horse here it's convex as you can see there are a lot of muscular lines here for muscle attachment so um the spine here the lateral view yes we can see here the sciatic spine but it's not that big and the if you remember here in front of the spine we say that we have the greater sciatic notch it's more flat here comparing to that one of the ox and and the horse they were in the ox and horse you know more uh more con Cave here the lesser sciatic notch is very small.

It's deep but small comparing to the other animals. Okay, so if you look at the of the acetabulum yes so this is another another things we have to think about you know if you look exactly at this acetabulum for me it's you know the the facius lunata is is not completely divided there is a small connection here so but in general this rough surface between the two parts of the facius lunata could divide this fascious nata into two parts but you know from outside there is no extra notch like that one of the ox for example so we have just one notch so that means the here we have the fascious nata we have the acetabular fossa and deeper there and we have the acetabular notch here of course if we look at the pubic bone or pubis it's also L-shaped with two branches acetabular and symphusial it contributes to the formation of the obturator foramen of course here we have the pectin osis pubis no extra groove here for the for extra like accessory ligament because there is no accessory ligament of the head of the femur bone here we have a big projection from the symphysis pelvis which could be divided also into pubic and ischial parts and ischial parts here we have the ischial arch the ischial arch and the ischial tuberosity it's something similar to that one of the horse but it's not divided into three bars like that one of the ox okay okay this was the pelvis of the camel okay and now let's talk about the pelvis of the sheep as you can see here in the same way so we have three bones to form the The hip bone, we have the ilium, we have the pupus and the ischium. The ilium has also like a wing. It's not that wide like that one of the horse or the camel or the ox, for example, with two projections, the coxal tuberosity and the sacral tuberosity.

The gluteal line is not that clear. here of course but we have a gluteal line here here in the lateral view we can see the the sciatic spine the middle here in front of it we have the the greater sciatic notch the lesser sciatic notch it's more more flat here comparing to other animals The acetabulum for example in the sheep is not divided so we have the facius lunata here, we have the fossa in the middle here and very narrow, very narrow acetabular notch comparing to other animals so there is no extra notch here like that one of the ox. If we go to the ventral view here, yes, on the medial surface of the wing, we can see here left and right the auricular surface for the articulation with the wings of the sacrum. Here we have the body of the ilium, the area between the body of the ilium and the pubis.

the pupus we have these two projections they are very developed here in the in the sheeps so this is the ilios pubic eminence the ilio pubic eminence we have the Becton osseous pubis here the symphysis pelvis so this is adult sheath that's why the two hip bones are completely fused together so the symphysis pelvis or symphysis pelvis is is also divided into two parts the pubic part and the ischial part so if we go and look at the ischium the ischium has a body the medial branch for the formation of the obturator foramen we have the caudal plate is also very developed like that one of the ox for example if you look at the ischial tuberosity it's very developed do you remember that one of the ox it was like divided into three parts here it looks yeah okay so it's also divided if you want to consider this three parts it's fine but it's not like that one one of the ox of course and the ox was like on the corner here with three not separated parts so it's not the same like here um of course we have the two very big here obturator foramina um what else so nothing special for example here we have the the iliac wrist is a little bit you know concave comparing with that one of the ox today remember the ox in the ox was more to read so extends between the coxal tuberosity and the sacral tuberosity so and now let's move and talk about the the purpose of the of the dog So if we look at the pelvis of the dog, let's move this one to the side. So this is the pelvis of the dog. Yeah, the pelvis of the dog has its own specific shape as you can see. Of course it consists of two parts.

of three uh two hip bones it has uh three bones the ilium the pupus ventrally here and the ischium they meet also together to form the the acetabulum if you look at the acetabulum let's go to this acetabulum here if you look at the acetabulum yeah the fascia stonata is also not divided has very small service for the articulation with the head of the femur bone in the middle here we have the acetabular fossa as we described before the origin of the ligamentum capitis os femoris or the ligament of the head of the female bone here is also clear that the fasciae lunata or the lunate service is not completely closed you know the here we have this window this small window represents actually that sitabula notch that sitabula notch is very wide here comparing to that one of the sheep for example look at that one of the sheep is very narrow compared to that one of the dog Thank you. Okay, what else? If we look in the lateral view here, we can see the ilium, the ilium wing and ilium body.

This is the body of the ilium. Here we have the sacral tuberosity and the coxal tuberosity. And this is the only situation here where we have the iliac crust. here like a convex yeah it's a convex iliac wrist extends between the coxal tuberosity and the sacral tuberosity and the sacral tuberosity here on the medial surface of the wing of course left and right we have the auricular surface for the articulation with the wing of the sacrum here the sciatic spine is very flat it's you know not clear so here we have the greater sciatic notch and lesser is here but it's also not clear just because you know the spine itself is not clear there if we move to the The pubis is also L-shaped, has body two branches, the left and the right pubis meet together to form the pubic part of the symphysis pelvis, while the two ischial bones meet together to form the ischial tube. part of the symphysis pelvis so as you can see here the pubis and the medial branch of the ischium they contribute to the formation of the obturator foramen here we have also very good developed like ischial tuberosities this is the ischial tuberosities not divided like that one of the ox or even of the Sheep here, we have the ischial arch, the ischial arch and eventually it's also clear here the symphysis pelvis, you know, with two parts, the pubic and the ischial part here, this border of the pubis represents the pectin of the pubis or the pectin of the pubis.

pupus here left and right we have these two projections here they are of course not that you know clear like that one of the of the sheep for example this is the ilio pubic eminence ilio pubic eminence so it's there in the dog but it's not that developed like that one of other animals of course in cranial to the acetabulum in the ventral view here we can see this rough surface here as you know the area for the attachment of the tendon of the straight muscle of the thigh or rectus femoris muscle okay that's everything we can see here in the pelvis of the dog so again the main structures for the comparative anatomy you have to look at is the acetabulum, the acetabulum if it's divided or not, the ischium and the ischial tuberosity if it's divided or not, and the shape actually of the wing of the ilium and the iliac crest as we mentioned before. And of course the direction and orientation of the wings of the ilium. the sacrum you know as you can see here it's more vertical here in the carnivores comparing to that one of the horse and and ox or or camel even camel and and sheep for example they were like more flattened craniodorsally like this one here look at this one and this one so here it's more vertical it's more vertical comparing to that one of the ox sorry this is sheep and again here as we have there then both in our hands look at the concave the at Christ here compared to the convex in the accuracy of the pelvis of the heart of the dog so that's everything for the comparative anatomy of the pelvis and see you later in the next video we will move and talk about Next bone of the skeleton of the Heimlichian butchered os femurs or the femur bone.

See you later.

Transcript for:Horse Pelvis Anatomy Overview

Transcript for:
Horse Pelvis Anatomy Overview