Lecture Notes: Internal Anatomy of the Brain

Instructor Introduction

• Instructor: Professor Bob Long
• Course: Anatomy and Physiology
• Target Audience: Enrolled students, open to others via YouTube
• Resources: Models, Pages 32-33 on the list of structures

Brain Models Used

• Puzzle Brain: A 3D model
• Brain on Half Shell: A half-brain model

Key Brain Structures and Terminology

General Brain Structures

• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum: Contains the Arbor Vitae
• Medulla
• Pons

Specific Internal Structures

Mid-Sagittal View

• Longitudinal Fissure: Separates the two hemispheres
• Corpus Callosum: Connects the left and right hemispheres
• Septum Pellucidum: Thin membrane separating lateral ventricles
• Fornix: White arching structure below the corpus callosum
• Thalamus: Major structure in diencephalon, joined at the interthalamic adhesion
• Hypothalamus: Located below the thalamus
• Optic Chiasm: X-shaped structure where optic nerves cross
• Infundibulum: Connects the pituitary gland
• Pituitary Gland (Hypophysis)
• Pineal Gland
• Superior and Inferior Colliculi: Parts of the midbrain forming the corpora quadrigemina

Ventricular System

• Lateral Ventricles: Separated by septum pellucidum
• Third Ventricle: Surrounds the thalamus
• Cerebral Aqueduct (Aqueduct of Silvius): Connects third and fourth ventricles
• Fourth Ventricle: Located at the base of the cerebellum

Additional Structures

• Mammillary Bodies: Part of the limbic system
• Insula: Folded cerebral cortex structure
• Putamen (Lentiform Nucleus)
• Internal Capsule: White matter surrounding the putamen
• Caudate Nucleus: Located near the thalamus

Study Recommendations

• Labeling Practice: Print and label brain model pictures
• Repetition: Memorize structures by repeatedly labeling
• Utilize Models: Engage with physical models when possible

Conclusion

• Importance of Practice: Memorization through repetition and visual aids
• Closing Remarks: Encouragement and gratitude for participation