okay guys so this is a charges how to find the charge of chemicals I'm also going to put a little bit of an emphasis on how to do notation as well so if you could start by taking our page just by a4 paper lined paper abdomen slightly bigger a3 paper so you can see it and if you can set up in the following way so across the top we need our name is really important because if you then lose it you can be able to get it back to you you out times people just leave their notepad or bits of paper on the table after a lesson and it doesn't have your name on you're very unlikely to get that back and as you realize you've lost it so the cop you're naming it will know is you and then we can give it back to you the title so the title for this session I guess is charges or how to find a charge and then a date the dates really important if your father comes I'm done and a hundred bits of paper splatter out over your kitchen floor then you'll be able to put it back in a logical way so that when you come and revise it will flow and it will make sense you can't just be stuffing it in any order that just will not work then down the left-hand side the page about a quarter or a third of it is a column for your questions don't like anything about yet we will talk about that in a bit on your right hand side the most of the page will be for the notes themselves and at the bottom just leave her a fairly sizable chunk we're going to do a summary of what's on the page and again I'll talk more about that a bit so you can get that page so please so what I talk about is how to figure out the charges of chemicals now first of all if something has a charge it's called an ion so I'm not going to be mentioning the word atom at all today and if I do that would be a massive slip-up something which would cost me a mark in the exam every time I did it so things without a charge individual atoms are atoms if an atom has a charge we no longer call an atom we would call an ion so if you've never heard the word ion the fall all it means thing with a charge basically even positive or negative so what we do is I'm going to go through this and I'd like you to train in your notes section and have a stab and making notes on why I say now the more concise as in the shorter your notes the better if you've been copying down word for word everything I've said now you can have a lot of things which aren't super important in your notes right so what you need to do is pick out the really key bits that the facts the information the methods and get that done so haven't got that don't worry about the questions and don't worry about the summary we'll come back to that at the end when you do Sal your notes as well can you make sure every new fact or method has its a new line to it because when we start writing questions next to them later on you're going to want them to sync up okay so series of facts or methods okay here we go so on the left hand side of the periodic your left hand side of the periodic table we have our metals it's something called the boron step which separates the metals from a nonmetals so all of these are our metals if you are asked or if you need to figure out the charge of a metal element like a single ion dead that simple your group for metals here these all have a charge of wash things as well your group 2 metals here these not have a charge of to your group three metals here so one two three these are going to have a charge of three or three plus and we'll kind of stop there so Group one is one plus group 2 is 2 plus root 3 is 3 plus remember board 1 is a nonmetal so does include boron also we've got our d-block that is bit in the middle now you can't really tell just by looking at which group they're in what the charge is ow of stuff in the d-block was a little bit weird that works slightly differently but there are a few which you just have need to memorize and they are these copper in Tucson it can also be one plus but usually it's 2 plus zinc is 2 plus I am I in can either be 2 plus or I in can be 3 plus can actually change and then we've got silver which is AG 1 + okay so they're the ones are the metals out the d-block you just have to memorize moving onto the nonmetals on your right hand side these are far away are called the noble gases these do not have a charge in our charge of 0 your halogens fluorine chlorine bromine ID astatine these are 1 - probably see how this is going and then oxygen sulfur selenium etc - - nitrogen phosphorus etc 3 - and we'll stop there so if you want to know what the charges are metal are start with far left that is 1 2 3 if you want to know the charges of the nonmetals start on the right and 0 - 1 - 2 - 3 so that's how we can tell the charges of an element ion we've also got things called molecular ions now these are individual elements these are whole molecules there's only a few we need to know and you can't get these from the periodic table because molecules things consistent of more than one Assam and Assam is the right word there and molecules don't appear on the periodic table we only have elements so you can't figure out the molecular ions from the periodic table you have to just memorize them so flashcards and bootcamp and works perfectly for this so there are follows nitrate no3 - has a charge of - sulfate is so4 2 - carbonate is co 3 - - and then hydroxide is Oh H - we've also got a mobium NH 4 plus and phosphate here for 20 - so you've just have to absolutely memorize them writing down 50 times and then write it down cover it up trying write out for memory check do that 50 times and then we play that do another 50 times and then you'll remember them they're ridiculously important I would say how all of them these molecular ions are the most important ones to remember so that's how we figure out the charges of stuff if you can look at the notes you've made now I've had done a Blue Peter style hares when I made earlier what we're going to do is use these notes to come up with questions so I'm only show you my example here's what I got you might have got something slightly different with lots of ways to have written this down I started off by talking about what is the charge of the metal ions now you won't have written your questions down now because in a lesson you just don't have time to do that like things are going too quick could get your notes down I wouldn't other questions when you're going back through your notes at home which you definitely need to do then you can write in the questions so I've written down blue point 1 plus etcetera etcetera and I've written down those few which I just need to memorize well the question which would go with that is what is the charge of metal ions the reason this is really insanely useful is when I now go back to my notes in a month or in a year's time I can really quickly see why I bothered to write these notes down now what is it this note is telling me and then that will help me repeat it later on and I moved on to my nonmetals I decided to get notes in a slightly different way and it's very quickly sketched down the periodic table and I just read the charges 0 1 minus 2 minus 3 minus in the columns there because I have had more time in a sentence to go that would've been really nice too so while going to that then what is the charge of non metal ions and then very finally we had all of our which we have to memorize molecular ions and the question of course would be what are the molecular ion charges after we've done that it's really useful to do a little bit of a summary just so that when you come back to this page remember I mean the work you do in September you're going to have to review it literally two years later almost like a year and nine months later so you have forgotten a lot of this stuff which is really helpful just have a few little sentences just to sum up what's on the page what it is you need to know about it so what I said is we can find a charge of element by looking at the periodic table and then that obviously I want more detail on that and look into my notes and we must memorize the formula of the molecular ions to remind myself I can't get back to the periodic table so this is kind of roughly what your notes should look like and when you're doing independent study do the questions as you go along when you're doing notes in lesson I would leave the questions and the summary until you review your notes back at home I the following day however thank you