Hey, Professor Suckler here. Listen, we need to have a talk about AI. I'm seeing a generation of influencers out there who are making suggestions for how to paraphrase with AI where if you follow their advice, you run the risk of getting yourself into some serious hot water. Check out this video here where we already see reports of students getting expelled just on suspicions of using chat GBT to rewrite their work. So, I want to show you how to use AI to paraphrase in the right way. But I also want to take you through some of these cases that you absolutely should not do. You are creating a professional liability for yourself that can come back to haunt you. I mean, to talk about coming back to haunt you, Harvard's president, check out this video, got into a serious mess and a scandal over plagiarizing. So even if you can humanize AI writing and slip past and fool plagiarism detectors as that technology catches up, you have released something that creates a permanent liability for yourself that could come back to bite you and haunt you like a bogeyman. Why would you do that to yourself? So listen, yeah, we need to have a talk about how you're using AI. I want to do that in this video. So, what I'm going to go through is first show you these use cases that I absolutely do not recommend and then I'm going to show you the right way to paraphrase using AI so that you can stay on the side of angels. Hey, by the way, if you're new to this channel, I'm Professor David Stuckler and I show you the legit ways to use AI so you don't feel anxious, you don't feel like a fraud, and you actually learn and improve and grow as a researcher in the process. If you want to book a one-to-one consultation and get support from a real professor, get real feedback on your work, click the link below. Let's see if we're a good fit to work together. All right, let's get into it. Okay, so you've done some reading and you want to try to paraphrase. So, the best way you can do this using journey.ai is to highlight and use the AI command. Now, you can highlight however much you want. In this case, the highlighter that I've just showed you now is the part that I want to change. But I'm going to start by just highlighting a smaller part of it um where I want to paraphrase. And you can choose on what style of paraphrasing you want. In my case, I'm going to go with academic. And you can see that it's thinking, it's writing, and it's kind of gaining this information from research papers. So, it's true, reliable information that you can also add references for afterwards. Um here you can see that it really has okay this is not paraphrasing but hang on expanded it quite a lot so it's matching the academic tone. You can make it short. Hang on a second. This is not matching your academic tone and that's not the goal in the first place. Longer if you want and then simply replace this section. So the idea the content is exactly the same but it's not copy and pasted. No this is what you don't want to do. You don't want to replace this whole section with a big block of AI writing. In fact, in the example that I showed you, the student got expelled. One of the indications or warning signs of using AI was using quirky acronyms. In one answer, Yang used the acronym PCO, which stands for primary care organization. Even though Yang contends the acronym shows up in established journals, all four professors said none of them in their careers had ever seen that acronym before. which you could actually see quirky acronyms right here that are AI like this is taking a heavy footprint. This is not paraphrasing. This is writing up your essay. So by paraphrasing we are talking about our wonderful Oxford dictionary. Express the meaning of something in different words especially to achieve greater clarity or you're simply going to reword something written or spoken by somebody else. What does it mean to paraphrase something? Well, when we paraphrase, it means, you know, we take somebody's else's sentence and we change it into our own words. So, we change the words of a sentence. We also change maybe the sentence structure, but we keep all the same meaning. Okay? So, the meaning from the sentence you copy, it stays the same. Same meaning, but different words and different sentence structure. So, let me show you a typical use case where you might need to paraphrase in your work. and how you can go about doing that. So, for the purpose of this video, I've just created a very broad outline looking into the role of education as a potential equalizer. Again, this is just for the sake of example. You should always be making an outline in your work. And as I've talked about in some of the other videos, what we'll commonly do is once we've got this outline, this is for a narrative literature review, by the way. Um, we'll do forensic searches around these topics, find citations, strip them out from the literature, and slot them in the right sections before we start going to write up. You want to almost have like in French cooking mison, you want to have all your ingredients lined up before you start writing. I see so many students trying to figure it out as they're writing. That might work for a quick assignment, but for the kinds of detailed research that you need to do, it's really just a strategy for frustration, going in circles, getting lost, and losing time. Back to the approach. So, suppose I want to motivate my intro and look at concerns about rising income inequality and see if education can help reduce it. I would go do a forensic search in Google on this topic, and I might find a couple papers that are relevant. Let me show you an example. So, let's pop in education impact on mobility. And I found a paper here from China Economic Review. I can scan through this. And here I've got a nice citation. I can already see right here. So, this is a good quote about concerns on income inequality. I'm going to move this to my outline. And concerns about rising income inequality. Now, I don't want to necessarily take that verbatim. I might want to rephrase it for clarity. I might want to put it into my own words. You have two broad options here. Option one is you rephrase it yourself and then use AI to help you achieve better clarity and then you check the science because AI sometimes does still mess up the science. Option two is you have AI with the right prompt rephrase it for clarity and then you check the science. And this is where you have the power to make sure that you're not being detected by any like turn it in any plagiarism softwares because you've changed it so many times that it really is so far from the original text. Hang on. Wait a second. No, this is completely lost the plot here on what you're trying to do. You're not trying to change this over and over multiple times to make it humanized. You have t the purpose of paraphrasing is you have taken citations material from the literature slotted it into your outline and you want to rephrase it. You could do that yourself. You can use AI as a tool to help you with that. But the goal is not to fool anybody or slip through detection so it sounds human and nobody's going to catch you and get you busted. Guys, following this approach to try to fool the system is the wrong way to go. This is not the purpose of what we're trying to do with paraphrasing. Also, as I'm going to show you, you always need to have a citation. This is the best way to cover your back. And when you're doing academic writing, you want to stand on the shoulders of giants and cite others to reinforce the points that you're making. To hammer this point home, before paraphrasing anything, always, always, always go get the citation and slot that in your document. Let me show you how. So here I'm going to get the citation. You can just click here and send it to your reference manager and note or if you're using Zotterero uh is a very simple way. But for the purpose of this example, I'm just going to do this. So, I'm going to put this in my references so I know this is cited in this document. Now, I'm going to pull up the PDF and pull the actual Lee and Luo. Sorry for my pronunciation here. I'm going to go pull that one out. So, we can grab the PDF here and I'm going to scroll right to the bottom of the references and pull that out. So, even when you go through and paraphrase, you're going to want to make sure that you keep the citation in there. So, let's come back and I'm just going to drop this in my working reference library. Now, at this stage, I wouldn't recommend going ahead and paraphrasing. I would just leave the original strips and start writing them into your text in an appropriate way so that there's a flow in your paragraphs when you get to writing. So, once you have maybe three or four citations to flesh out this point, then you can start weaving it into a coherent paragraph, a coherent structure using our peer writing system. Check that out here. It will change your life for academic writing. Learn how to do writing the right way. But just to show you an example, if I was going to do the first approach of paraphrasing where I do the first rephrase myself for clarity, I might do it like this. So in China, the urban areas had income levels 3.87 higher than uh in uh rural areas. So just doing something very very quickly here. And I'm always going to keep my citation here. Lee allow 2011. Um, and I might go on further and say the highest 10% of the population had income 32.8fold higher than the poorest 10%. And again, I'm going to overkill my citation because I've taken it directly from them and I want to make sure I have that citation there so that I'm on the side of angels here. Nobody can ever come back and accuse me of plagiarism because I have cited them. This will not turn up as AI detection. This will not turn up as AI detection. You can do this yourself very simply. And if you don't understand this and you're trying to paraphrase now and you're then relying on AI, you run into problems twofold. One, you're running the risk of plagiarism. And two, you actually don't understand what you're writing and you don't understand the science. You have no business writing things yet until you have that clarity and fully understand them. Just as a side note, if you are struggling to understand what you're reading, and sometimes you can struggle because the writing is just terrible. You'll notice in your field some papers you read just seem easy to follow and some are inaccessible. Don't blame yourself. That's a sign of imposter syndrome, by the way. Don't blame yourself. It's just the writing's torturous and many writers have never learned an academic system for writing and they make it really difficult to access their train of thought. Um, but if you are struggling, I do recommend uh the tool Scispace where you can upload a PDF and get feedback and engage with it and ask the GPT that's powering it to explain things at a third grade level. Make sure you have that clarity before you ever go down this path of trying to paraphrase. Okay. So, what I'm going to do is I'm going to take this example here uh of the approach of let's have AI do the paraphrasing first and then we clean it up. Let's see what it comes up with. Then I'm going to show you with this approach where I've done the first pass myself and then I have AI paraphrase to clean it up. I'm going to show you these subtle differences and how they end up. So I've come over here to chat GPT and I put in the prompt rephrase this citation for academic clarity as part of a literature review and just copied and pasted it in. And you can see it actually started doing what I was doing intuitively. There were two points smushed together in that sentence. I gave them a little bit room to breathe, separated that out and here we go. And it creates a nice paraphrase. um it takes a a rather light touch on the text and leaves you with something well written and clear. And one of the reasons that this has flow, you'll notice, see how this subject here, they found this. You continue with that subject onto the next section, and that keeps the car driving in the same direction. You don't have like this hard stop, the subject changes, and then you're taking a hard right turn. Just a side note about riding. So, let's copy and paste this back into our document as one example. Okay. I would, if you're paraphrasing, go the extra distance and keep this citation added on here just to avoid any potential mishaps as you edit and you restructure. You could end up in a situation where this gets moved somewhere else, gets lost, and you've lost a citation and now you're at risk of plagiarism. If you want to be extra thorough, sometimes you will see this come out. you will say cited in and you would put the yang and colleagues or yang at all depending on your citation format 2016. I don't typically do that personally. It's often not necessary. This happens more in humanities and if the actual citation there's maybe an academic debate there's an actual citation in the document you need to highlight that chain of correspondence and debate you need to do this. For most you're you're good enough just citing in this way. Now, what you typically need to do here is you need to double check the science to make sure the true meaning has stayed intact. This was not a complicated citation. This was not a difficult case. And I can see here that yes, this is much more intact. This is very, very clear. No problems here. I don't have a whole lot that I need to change from this paraphrasing. This is really quite accurate. But again, make sure you take that step to check. Here, I want to show you an example of the second approach where I did the rephrasing myself and then had the AI address it. And we've got a result that's relatively similar. This kept the points broken up into two sections. It made the urban rural dimension first and then the income dimension following what I did here. This is really light touch and more, as you can see, this tends to be more grammar edits, edits for style and it's editorial. By the way, this is 100% legit. If you take the Elsa, it's leading set of academic journals policies on the use of generative AI and AI assisted technologies. They say in a very clear way, these technologies should only be used to improve readability and language of the work. That is exactly what we're doing. It goes on to say, applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control and authors should carefully review and edit the result because it can generate authoritative sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete, or biased. What I'm showing you right here is the way to use AI that will pass muster in academic journals that you can feel proud of and confident about that you're not doing anything wrong. Now, I do always suggest you heir on the side of transparency just like with these journals you declare. I used Jet GPT in this way and I often do recommend perhaps keeping a log of your work. If you have multiple versions, maybe you have the original version, you save that before you apply AI to it so that if anybody ever comes back and tries to make a false accusation, you can show and retrace your steps. So often the researchers I work with will have the original outline where they've stripped out the material as a basis and they will save a later version that they've used our AI enhanced workflows to update. Problem with using chat GBT to write blogs and essays is this. You copy and paste this essay that CHGBT wrote. The problem is when you plug it into AI detectors like these, it will actually come out with 99% fake, which means you could get caught for plagiarism by your teachers or by Google. You're doing SEO. But let me show you a hack. What you can do is go to quillbot.com and paste in the script or the blog that Chaz BT made for you in here. Tell it to rephrase and it'll rewrite it for you. Now, let's copy and paste it into the AI detector. Now, it's coming up with 89% real and 10% fake. No, this is not a viable solution. This is again exactly what not to do because in the future these plagiarism detectors are getting better and better and we'll pick this up. They're increasingly getting flagged. This is what I mean about a liability. And as you can see, this is not even just it says rephrase. That is not rephrase. That is a massive rewrite. Don't do this. This is not a viable solution. A big no no. Imagine this. your perfectly crafted AI generated essay instantly rejected because it screams AI written. What if I told you there's a foolproof way to make your AI content look like it's straight from a human mind? I think this is what is like the hope and dream of people who just completely have lost the plot in education. Maybe you're trying to use AI to get yourself a good grade, but you are ultimately doing yourself a disservice if you're trying to go down this path. Let me fast forward to the part where he introduced their suggestions. By the way, don't ever do this in structure. Now, let's take it up a notch. With a little guidance, we'll instruct Chad GPD to mimic human quirks. Things like adding short abrupt sentences, mixing formal and casual tones, using storytelling instead of rigid formatting, and making subtle grammatical mistakes. I mean, guys, really, I mean, this is what's gotten students expelled. and you want to intentionally introduce these quirky grammatical errors as a professor, I can see through this a mile away because the tone has this certain abruptness that's not coherent with other things that you've written, which is not coherent with things that you've done in the past. So, if you're at a graduate level and you're even clicking on these videos, you might need to existentially think about what you're doing in grad school. You might need to look for some real support from a real human who can help you get real training so you can feel confident and have skills for your entire career. If that sounds like you, click the link below to get feedback and support from a real human, me, through our community and individual onetoone training programs. Click the link, book a call with me, and let's see if we're a good fit to work together. No pressure. So, there you have it. Paraphrasing doesn't have to be difficult. you can preserve your human voice without tying yourself in knots using some of these AI tools and gizmos which is going to end up with a pastiche or a mismatch of some text that you feel like a fraud about. The flow is really simple. Um, you need to have a structure to your outline and your document. You need to strip out real citations, keep those citations, and use a light gloves, a light touch of AI to keep the science intact, but do some light phrasing to put things in your own words. That is still going to require you to engage as a human. It is not. I know it's tempting, guys. You might want to save time, and say, "Go click and AI is going to do everything for me." But you are running a foul of ethical policies and risking getting yourself kicked out. If not now, it can come back to haunt you in the future as has happened with others who have plagiarized like in this case Harvard's president or many other students who are hearing anecdotal stories about who are getting expelled. Look, I care about you guys. I don't want to see anything bad happening to you. If you are feeling lost, if you don't turn to AI as this quick drug that you think is going to be a quick fix, silver bullet to everything, encourage you to get in touch. Let's have a chat and let's get on the right path to success in an ethical way. Again, click the links below. Let's get in touch and we will get you connected to the right support for you. And we are setting this up in a way that can break barriers academically. So, no matter where you are in the world, whatever resources you have available to you, we've got a program that can fit your needs. See you guys in the next video on our AI workflows.