Causal Loops (Feedback Loops) Lecture Notes

Introduction to Causal Loops

• Causal loops, also known as feedback loops, are used to depict how parts of a system influence each other.
• They shift the focus from linear cause-effect relationships to circular cause-effect relationships.

Linear vs. Circular Causality

• Traditional view: A cause creates an effect, solving a problem is seen as linear (Problem → Action → Problem Solved).
• Causal loops depict continuous interaction (Problem ↔ Action).

Types of Causal Loops

Reinforcing Loops

• Definition: Elements in the loop continue to move in the same direction, either rising or falling over time.
• Example:
  • An increase in bank account money leads to more interest, which further increases the money.
  • Characteristics: Positive feedback that amplifies changes.

Balancing Loops

• Definition: Elements tend to oscillate or seek equilibrium.
• Example:
  • Increase in stress leads to increased coping strategies, which reduces stress, leading to decreased coping strategies.
  • Characteristics: Negative feedback that stabilizes the system.

Indicators in Causal Loops

• Plus Sign (+): Indicates elements change in the same direction.
  • Example: Stress ↑ leads to Coping Strategies ↑.
• Minus Sign (-): Indicates elements change in opposite directions.
  • Example: Coping Strategies ↑ leads to Stress ↓.

Finding and Using Causal Loops

• Identifying loops can be challenging; use diagrams like stock flow maps.
• Stock Flow Maps: Visual aids that show how different elements of a system interact.

Examples: Cinderella's Happiness

Balancing Loop

• Scenario:
  • Low happiness → ↑ Fairy Godmother’s concern → ↑ Participation ability → ↑ Happiness → ↓ Fairy Godmother’s concern.
  • Result: Happiness increases quickly then slows.

Reinforcing Loop

• Scenario:
  • Kindness → ↑ Happiness → More Kindness → More Happiness.
  • Result: Continuous increase in happiness.

Visualization Tips

• Draw boxes around stocks to highlight key system accumulations, even within loops.

Conclusion

• To explore more about causal loops, refer to additional resources like the Connection Circle video.
• This lecture is presented by the Creative Learning Exchange.