hello and welcome back to all you need notes for Edexcel IGCSE history and this time on Nazi Germany 1933-39 this part of the Germany 1918-45 topic and I'll be looking at two effects of all the things on the specification for question B preparation and for question C so beginning with the right stag fire the first effect of the fire was that Hitler increased Nazi support so the Dutch communist vanderluber was found with a packet of matches on the 27th of February 1933 in the right building and he was blamed for starting his fire which burnt down the right stag which was the the German Parliament and so there was a huge trial and he was eventually beheaded Hitler claimed that this Burning Down of the reichstag was proof that a Communist Revolution was on the rise and so he used it as an excuse to arrest four thousand communist leaders and people admired his his Swift action against the Communists which was in stark contrast to what a bear had done back in starting to start rising in 1919 um and so the nsdap won 288 seats in the March 1933 elections which were called just days after the reichstag fire particularly use the trial as a propaganda exercise to show how amazing the Nazis were and how they would crack down on the Communists people enjoyed that and so they became the biggest party in the right stag second effect was that the decree for the protection of people in state which is also more simply known as the reichstag fire Act was passed so Hitler passed this act on the 28th of February the day after the fire it shows the very very Swift action he took you took advantage of the fire and he used it to consolidate his power further so the ACT allowed the police to search homes to arrest people without trial hence why I arrested the Communist leaders they could ban meetings of opposition parties which obviously helped in the election and it ended freedom of speech and freedom of the press it limited the freedoms that had been set up in the Weimar Constitution and obviously the Rival parties the KPD the Communists and the SPD members of these parties were arrested and so the Nazis had an advantage in the elections because they could put out propaganda they could persuade more people to vote for the next part then the enabling Act so the first effect of this was it ended democracy in Weimar so on the 23rd of March 1933 after Hitler has this whopping election victory he passed this act in in Parliament it suspended the Weimar Constitution which had been set up and it allowed Hitler now to make laws without the right Shacks that previously had to have a majority in the right shoulder to make laws or as we found out you could use article 48 with the president but now he can make noise without either of them and as a proof of this the reichstag only met 12 times during Hitler's rule to 1945 so it showed that it became effectively useless now that they had no governing power that they'd voted themselves out of existence and Hitler also shut down local parliaments the KPD the Communist Party were banned from voting uh against the enabling act so they weren't allowed into the right track to vote um on whether the enabling actually passed and uh troops from the Nazi party stood around the the walls of the building and intimidated members from other parties and So eventually 444 members voted for the enabling Act they'd voted themselves out of existence second effect was because it gave Hitler greater control of Germany and he was left unopposed so Hitler used these the ability to make laws without right Stacks backing to his Advantage so we banned trade unions on the 2nd of May and this avoided strikes it avoided civil unrest and he could also arrest opposition leaders in July 1933 he declared Germany a one-party state so there were no other parties that were able to oppose the nsdap now um he controlled the laws there was no opposition uh other parties had been banned and because he had to shut down the local parliaments he appointed State Governors who were Nazis to make laws in each state so that now he had local and National Powers over Germany so a great consolidation of power on all levels across Germany next thing then the night of the Long Knives the first effect was that Hitler regained uh popularity from the Army Hindenburg and also voters so the essay which um were seen by the by the public as thuggish they were often drunk they were untrained they were very very unpopular they they weren't liked by the public uh and they they were often out to enforce Nazi rules and the Army especially didn't want this is what they feared Hitler was going to do they didn't want the sa to merge with the army so on the 30th of June 1934 Hitler arrested 200 sa officers this showed that he could make really really tough decisions if he needed to that he could do a Crackdown of his own party and this made him popular with Hindenburg and with the voters so he could make sure his party were under control that they weren't being drunk and thuggish anymore and obviously the Army was was very very thankful that the sa wouldn't Sully them they wouldn't be merged together with the untrained thugs of the essay and and tinderberg himself who was closely affiliated with the Army also thank tiddler for this and so Hitler gained popularity across the board second effect was that Hitler getting to more control over the SA so Ernst rum uh had previously been charged in charge of the essay and he didn't like a lot of Hitler's affiliations with businessmen and with businesses and Hitler was a little scared the terms of Ron might use his power as leader of the essay to to take to take over him as leader and so he claimed as an excuse that rum and Essay were plotting against Germany so he used this excuse to execute Rome uh he weakened the essay by arresting the officers uh and so now he was at less risk of being overthrown by the essay they couldn't use their own Force against him so now we completely control the sa uh he had great command over the Nazi party as a whole and he removed unnazi behavior from the sa so the drunkenness the thuggishness homosexual sexuality as well which was disliked by the middle class next part then the fear of decree so the first effect of this was that it secured Hitler's power so president Von Hindenburg died on the 2nd of August 1934. because the reichstag had effectively been dissolved um hinderberg was now the only person who could sack the chancellor and Hitler was a chancellor previously the right should I could have set the chancellor if they had particular majority but obviously not after the enabling act and so Hitler combined the roles of Chancellor and president into the ultimate role of furha so now he was completely in charge of Germany he couldn't be sacked um and and he was the ultimate ruler he'd eradicated the Weimar Constitution and now he he was taking over Germany completely the second effect was that Hitler now in short loyalty so he made soldiers in the Army swear um Odes of loyalty to Hitler so they promised to obey him completely they weren't swimming to God they weren't swearing to Germany they were completely following Hitler's orders he also did a referendum and this gave a 90 agreement with the degree so the public showed that they had confidence in Hitler that they they did like him although obviously the essay during this referendum they were intimidating voters at polling stations and 10 still voted against it and when you're being intimidated us quite a significant number so it did show some members of the public were discontented they didn't like Hitler but overall people people did follow him and they they did like him next then the police state first effect was of this was that the Nazis gained power over their citizens so the law itself became fascist German citizens could be imprisoned without trial political opponents could be killed um the SS which was run by Himmler they arrested political prisoners they ran concentration camps like the one at Dachau and they they could torture the people there um and Timber himself supported racial Purity so members of the SS themselves had to be racially pure had to be heterosexual um Aryan in in all possible ways second effect was that citizens became terrified of the Nazis so 2 000 citizens were put in concentration camps and rumors of what happened here caused fear that the torture the horrible conditions of starvation and people would come out of these camps completely changed so people were terrified of what was happening there and the rumors the the Dark Rumors were the scariest of all and you couldn't trust your friends you can trust your neighbors because they might report you to Via Star phone you might go to the concentration camps yourself so you were less likely to speak out against the Nazis less likely to disobey them and every single block of flats had a leader who would report to suspicious Behavior to the Gestapo so human trust between between citizens was completely lost censorshipment first effect of censorship was to allowed the Nazis to censor opposing viewpoints so gerbils he led Germany in censorship so he stopped foreign views reaching Germans so we stopped foreign news broadcast being picked up like BBC News um on German radios which many people had book burnings also happened a lot at universities uh Marxist Jewish books they were they were burnt anything else anti-nazi and the Gestapo would search books bookshops to find any books that went against the Nazis newspapers weren't allowed to print out antenna news and the Nazis controlled broadly speaking what people consumed they influenced what people thought second effect of censorship was that citizens were encouraged to follow Aryan ideals so jazz music which was seen as to American to Black this was banned um and seen as unsuitable for Aryans to consume art um that didn't show Nazi ideals was banned Modern Art was often banned it was seen to weaken Nazism um and corrupt the youth and German athletes themselves were selected in order to to show aryan's strength and showed that the Aryans were Superior the next one is propaganda so the first effect propaganda was that it made citizens think that Hitler was infallible so the ministry of propaganda they would give out positive stories uh for the Nazis two newspapers so they showed Hitler it's great making the right decisions making Germany better and Goebbels who was in charge of Nazi propaganda he made and distributed lots of posters which was simple um in their slogans they were effective at portraying Nazi values showing how amazing Hitler was and there were loads of Nazi parades and rallies across Germany for example that was put on by the Hitler Youth and these stirred up nationalism and loyalty to the regime second effect was that citizens were influenced without themselves even knowing it so it's 70 of Germans by 1939 had a radio set they were really really cheap so they could buy them easily and Goebbels commissioned loads and loads of plays to be put on the radio with an artsy values visit we saw on the last slide they banned foreign um for foreign radio broadcasts any films and all art had to include pro-nazi messages even just in the background so um Aryan ideals for example on strong families lots of children um mothers are looking after the children these were included as a sort of backdrop to it to a film so that even if that's not what the film was broadly about you'd be influenced even by watching it to see a strong airing ideals in it uh there were famous German musics played a lot like Bach or Beethoven folk songs as well and marching music often accompanied by valleys like the youth these were played to increase nationalism to increase loyalty to the regime um and and to make citizens think that that Hitler was great now we come on to a section all about policies towards different aspects of German Society so firstly policies towards education or all the young they're very very similar so I've combined them the first effect was that children learned about Hitler and they became Fanatics of the Nazi regime so in school they studied the Nazis it studied the history the rise of Hitler the history of Germany they also studied racial superiority and race studies they learned about the Jews and how to recognize them for example and Hitler Youth this made children loyal to the regime so they put on lots of rallies they they educated them a lot and and they made children think that Hitler was great and um well couldn't couldn't possibly be wrong so they were encouraged to report parents who would dislowed to the regime perhaps said anything against Hitler and by 1939 there were eight million members of the Hitler Youth so from a very very young age children were indoctrinated on racial Purity on the superiority of the Aryans and so they grew up as good Nazis second effect was that they were encouraged to be good soldiers if they were boys or good Mothers if they were girls so there were more P lessons at schools and this helped boys become strong soldiers and girls to become good Mothers so they were able to fight or they were able to to have a good body shape for for chatterberry girls were taught domestic science so they were taught housework um how to care for babies how to how to keep a family in order in order to become ideal wives in the future and by 1936 Hitler used to become compulsory for all children so they performed military drills which obviously were great for portraying to be soldiers and all the marching they did next policies towards women so the first effect was that women were encouraged to be good Mothers and wives so the law for the encouragement of marriage was given in 1933 and this gave loans uh for young couple to young couples who were about to marry so as loans the money in that could be used to buy a house and obviously if they're at a house they were more likely to have children the mother's cross was given out so this was an award that was given to women who had had a certain amount of children so to get the gold cross you had to have over eight children which is a lot and this just encouraged procreation it encouraged couples to have more children and as we looked at the last slide domestic science was done at school this encouraged girls to be good Mothers to learn about how to care for or their husbands their children their household and there were programs like the labensport program so this got single women to have children with SS men and the children were then adopted by by another family and raised as good areas so this just encouraged the population to grow and women to have more children then the ideals for women became more traditional so in the 1920s women had many jobs there was a more liberal attitude even 10 of the reichstag was female but when the Nazis took over this beginning to decline they encouraged women to to give up their their jobs and take permanent roles in the household looking after children um also ideas on what was socially acceptable changed so women were encouraged not to wear makeup not to dress up not to dye their hair they brought some more conservative values so women not to be seen smoking or drinking alcohol in public um and they were unable to buy contraception as well so obviously this led to more children the next one then policies towards the churches the first effect of this was that because Hitler worked with the churches they lent legitimacy to his regime so Hitler and the pope signed the Concord at in 1933. and this was an agreement between the Nazi regime and the Catholic Church which allowed Catholics to worship freely um and and to continue practicing their faith as long as Catholic Bishops swore loyalty to the Nazi regime and so slowly Christine and Nazi values fused and they shared a lot in common like good traditional Family Values this made it seem like Hitler respected Christian Traditions there was less opposition towards Hitler um and he even made an obviously different church but he made a Protestant called Muller he made him the right Bishop of the Nazi regime in 1933 too so he was working closely with these they seemed to prop up and support the regime so more people were likely to to support the Nazis because their church was and flags but Nazi flag swastikas were displayed in churches second effect was that Hitler um gained influence from the churches so the church has lost their influence to the Nazis so in 1937 Hitler completely changed his mind on the concordat and he decided to start attacking the Catholic Church he cut their funding he seized property from the Catholics he began spying on Church organizations and that this meant that it looked completely turned against the Catholics some Protestants started to revolt against him so people like Bonhoeffer they set up the confessional Church which was a church that was anti-nazi Hitler shut this down very very quickly he executed the leaders of it um and Hitler himself wanted to be the most respected person he wanted to supersede God and so alongside Global propaganda he began to displace uh loyalty from the church and so by 1939 only five percent of Germans said that they actually believed in God so from a very very Christian Nation he completely swapped the Loyalty from from the church and to God to himself racial policies then so the first effect of this was that undesirables were seen as inferior and were purged so a sterilization law was passed in 1933 it meant that 700 000 people especially those with mental illnesses or disabilities were sterilized in September 1935 they passed in Nuremberg Laws this meant that Jews weren't considered as German citizens and they didn't have the right to vote Nazis also believed that Jews and gypsies they were trying to corrupt Aryans so intermarriage as part of the Nuremberg laws were also banned so many people were put in concentration camps too and Jews had to have identity Cuts they were they were seen as second-class Citizens second effect was that the public were encouraged to hate the undesirables so propaganda was promoted in public spaces and it showed the Jews as corrupt as Communists as capitalists even that's contradictory it's it's a sort of logic that the Nazis used there were Publications like dare stoma which was a newspaper which was very anti-dew there were books um even for children the poisonous mushroom that taught them what Jews were like and told them not to trust them um and some specific instances then so on the 1st of April 1933 the Nazis encouraged shop boycotts so the essay stood outside Jewish shops and they deterred uh customers from going into those shops and buying from it this reduced trade but it was just for one day and it actually made the essay more unpopular because they were seen as slugs so that that didn't work but crystallnacht which is a huge event which happened on the 9th of the 10th of November 1938 did begin to change how Germans saw Jews so the SS and the sa they went around destroying synagogues shops homes belonging to to Jews and in total they killed a hundred Jews and beat up many more as soon after Jewish children were banned from school Jews had to to pay um to fix the the broken shops and homes and this was all in response to to warned you killing a German um official while he was out in France so this completely changed public attitude towards the Jews they were treated with disrespect they were spatter on insulted in the street from now on um and and they were really seen as uh it's horrible people now the policies towards unemployment so firstly unemployment figures were reduced so Nazi policies seem to work on paper so unemployment fell from 4.8 million in 1933 this is after the Great Depression of course so lots of people aren't employed it fell to 0.5 million in 1938. um broadly speaking jobs were created by women and Jews leaving work so Jews forced leave work women sort of encouraged to go home but now it's probably under made this seem like a great Victory like all their policies worked like picture was infallible um and all his choices and decisions were correct the trade unions which were banned after the enabling Act was passed and things were replaced by the labor front which we'll find out a bit more about in the next slide but the labor front um this essentially limited strike action that workers could impose so there was very very little disruption um and the labor front meant that there was no dispute on pay or work conditions they couldn't strike about them they set those sort of things as standard across an industry so people couldn't really complain about their pay anymore um the labor service was also set up and we'll see again a bit more about this in the next slide this forced the unemployed into doing jobs especially making public buildings for example the second effect was that Germany was gearing up was getting ready the wall so Hitler really wanted Germany to be self-sufficient and and ready to declare war on on Europe and regain its places as masters of Europe which obviously completely defined the Treaty of Versailles so as an example of this Versailles limited the Army to a hundred thousand members Hitler changed this so in 1933 there were 100 000 members in the army and he increased this to 900 000 by 1939. obviously this created 800 000 more jobs but it also boosted demand for equipment um for weapons Etc and this led to even more jobs in other Industries plastic production itself increased by 460 percent again Germany being self-sufficient ready for um Ready for War it created more jobs it was just about getting Germany prepared um and able to deal with blockages um and shortages so now unemployment regimes this is just going to be a few bullet points on each one because you need to know about three different three different things like the front and the labor surface which we've looked at and strength through Joy they're unlikely to ask to effects of them this is just perhaps for a question C if they ask you which one was the most effective for example so just a few bullet points looking at what they did so the labor front set up in 1933 after the trade unions were banned and it essentially ensured workers served the Nazis so they set um unemployment rights they set working hours they said working pay they said working conditions so that so they laid down what workers were allowed to do which meant that strikes really couldn't happen workers weren't able to dispute these things they were set in stone strength through Joy was a program um and was part of the labor front and this encouraged workers to work harder and essentially to work harder for Less pay so they they promoted rewards like cheap theater and museum tickets to the hardest of workers so I'd encourage people to work harder and get these rewards even if they weren't getting would pay for it they did offer other things like subsidized cruise tickets but those were much rarer it was often just cheap stuff like going to the cinema or to the theater or auto museums the Labor Service this was set up in 1933 so forced it forced unemployed people to do government work so they went to camps and they did um a variety of different work for that the government wanted them to do for very very little pay um or food so from 1935 every single young man was forced to serve in the labor service for six months so this in itself was a form of military training you know they had to wake up early they had to do a lot of work it was all very forced and controlled by the Nazis but the Labor Service did do a lot of good for for the Nazis so they built a lot of public buildings they built the motorways so by 1939 there were 7 000 miles of Motorway in Germany this just allowed for better transport across the country which was all part of this gearing up to war business so these are a variety of different things for Germany and that is the end of this video of all you need notes for Edexcel IGCSE history on Nazi Germany 1933-39 this was probably the biggest topic on the specification um and the next one on the wall will be a lot shorter um but this is the fourth part uh of Germany 1918 to 45. I hope you enjoyed it I hope you found it useful for your revision especially on UB questions and also your C questions um and if you have please like And subscribe so I can make some more of these thank you bye