that the air-conditioner would be or whatever is so loud in here so what is step number one call okay Michael license glycolysis what does that mean okay Luke owes and we're going to break it break now so my friends how many carbons are in glucose right c6 h-12 right okay so one two three four five six all held together by single bonds and we slip that bad boy in the middle very good that's what we're doing so what do we end up producing right which is how many carbons yeah one two three and a one two three and we happened to call this PI crew they got it hi drew they make sure fun stuff right - okay okay what other things do we need to know about this first step okay okay there's no oxygen involved that no o2 in Sawle what do I call something with Nomo two involved an array and I'm robic and a row big ok so you see a future test question would step requires no oxygen you know what step is anaerobic there you go step number one now my friends how many ATP's are generated here exactly two ATP anybody with me okay and every time we break these bonds here we release two things ages and electrons do we just let them float into outer space no exactly vitamin b3 niacin is turned into something called in a d-plus and the NAD+ picks up the ages and becomes what NADH and ADH which makes sense it picked up the H okay and as it turns out this happens how many times in this first step twice after spice okay how are we doing okay what is step number twos okay number two is the prep step prep step and that simply means that what we are doing is preparing this pyruvate to go into step three all right the prep step is going to take this one two three pyruvate and it's going to chop off another carbon because the Krebs cycle can't work with a three carbon molecule it needs a two carbon molecule so we chopped it off this becomes okay see till Co a coenzyme a and of course that'll be a 1/2 carbon what is this gonna become it's gonna be a carbon molecule with two oxygens on it to become co2 which we do what would exhale we blow it out got it we get rid of it all right the acetyl co a goes on to the next step we read this out all right where does this take place yeah and this is the only one that takes place in the cytoplasm every other step is in the mitochondria all right okay now do I make any ATP's here no zero eighty it's a question from heater over tall mitochondria you got it from here over it's all mitochondria only in the cytoplasm in the first step okay no ATP's didn't like chunk of C off so yes what else is happening in red my nad it's going to do what pick up a hand rake up some H's alright because remember every time we break this bond we're also releasing electrons and hydrogen okay okay and we want to get everything up we've got to gather these things up all right what is three good pirates what oh sorry let me tell you a quick and quick way to remember the four steps good pirate skeet everything g GP k e right so breakfast like they exactly named after doctor Krebs so that's the Krebs cycle and what can we start with going we start with this CC thing here siedel Oh a and what do we do with it we're going to add it into this thing called the Krebs cycle why is it called the Krebs cycle because it goes around and around it ends up where it started alright and what are we going to do with this Krebs cycle well the first thing we're going to do is we're going to take this acetyl co a and we're going to add it to something with four carbons it happens to be called citric acid and that is why this is called the citric acid cycle well when I add four to two what do I end up with six okay but this is where it starts getting a little confusing so we have a four going in one two three four plus two makes six got it four plus two makes six and then all of a sudden what do we do we chop off the first seat when I chop off the seat what do I make CEO to I go a little bit further what do I do now chop off another see what does that see become know I might chop off a see what does it becomes another co2 so yeah by the time we're done here we're back to just four seas why did we add it to seize the four seas to make six just to chop them off again because every time we chop off a bonded see what do we release carbon dioxide besides carbon dioxide what else do we release hydrogens and electrons what do I do with hydrogen's and electrons I pick them up so I'm going to create another NADH here another NADH here and then I actually go one step further and I create another thing called F ad what h2 isn't that cool so what am i doing every time I chop off a C and get rid of it as co2 also gathering ages and electrons ages and electrons ages and electrons why am i gathering H's and electrons because I need that for the last step okay everybody cool and you go right back the four plus two and do it again why does the kreb cycle run two times we have to look away because we have to five-eighths we got two of these so we run this two times and we run this two times everybody would think that's what we're doing here okay so bottom line how many ATP's do I make in this step two we make one in the first Krebs cycle we make another one in the second cred faculty ride remembers we have to run this too okay how we doing so far all right we're trying to account for all the things that we're doing when we go step by step that's all I care about when you're in micro class you Chi need to know the name of every molecule in this okay and exactly what's happening in each step you started exactly exactly and so we do this again in 211 with a little more detail and then again my crew with a lot more detail everybody with me okay so what's our last step step for electron transport on transport system or electron transport chain ETS epc matter even there why is it called E because it stands for electrons [Music] that takes place here what is that thing mitochondria very good at the mitochondria we are going to put our H's on this side of that little inner membrane and the inner membrane is called his inner membrane is called the cristae and we are going to run we're going to run the electrons on this side of the membrane okay so let's draw a section of this membrane I'm leaving a hole in the middle on perfect mr. what are you drawing here what is all of this bunch of party balloons [Music] that's a cell membrane right one side yes excellent okay and in the center of this thing is this it's a big ol protein in the middle of this that protein as this hollow tube on the inside you know for all tents and purposes don't make it more exciting than that since that's this membrane right here what's on this side of the membrane hydrants what's on this side of the membrane the electrons and we got the same number of electrons as we have hybrids okay because every time we snip off a hydrogen we snip off an electron to where did these come from how did they all of a sudden show up here you picked it up here we picked it up here we picked them up that's for all these electron conscious Kingdom who picked them up and a D and s ad they then grabbed them you can nadh fadh2 so what's the function of NADH is to drop off the age of the electrons okay and the energy of the electrons pushed the hydrogen's to this side of the membrane today state on this side of the membrane what's another name for a hydrogen ion on proton because if you look at the periodic table periodic table the H has a one in the corner similarly one in the corner that tells you it has one proton and has one electron so if I strip the electrons from a hydrogen what's left just the proton okay this is a spinning molecule this molecule spins around and the faster it spins the more it can do this a DP adenosine diphosphate picks up a phosphate and gets turned into a TP adenosine triphosphate but it can only work we only have enough energy to force those two together if this machine spins what makes this machine spin yeah it spins when hydrogens go through okay when the - twos go through it can spin it's like water on a water wheel the more water the faster the wheel goes okay what's gonna make the hydrogen go through something one day we need something to pull it got it well we already have a nice setup positive and negative don't they like each other but who's heavier a hydrogen or an electron yeah this is 1,200 times bigger than a lonely little electron it doesn't have the power to pull a hydrogen a proton through this machine and this is why we breathe in oxygen this is the first time we're going to use oxygen and because that we call this oxidative phosphorylation adding a phosphate using oxygen so here's our oxygen molecule sitting down here and the oxygen molecule can pick up two electrons when it takes up two electrons it's become negative - all right and we're gonna find out why that is when we start looking at that periodic table today all right when it becomes negative - you think it might attract some positive ones yeah in fact oxygen weighs how much what's the number at the bottom of oxygen fifteen point nine nine nine essentially sixteen what's the weight of a hydrogen atom look at the bottom of the ha1 who's bigger oxygen scene x figures will remain - and if oxygen is negative - and every one of these hydrogen is a positive one how many hydrogen's attached to oxygen ever heard of this that's the water from the cellular respiration equation that's the water that we create okay so we pull those through only because oxygen has the power to pull them through what made oxygen powerful the fact that it picked up the two loose electrons the proton motive force the force of protons makes this spin and the faster it spins the more ATP we make so in fact how many ATP's because this is so efficient 32 to 34 to me made 32 ATP's in this step the spinning molecule is called ATP synthase yeah yes proton motive motive yep it's the force of these protons going through that tube that makes the tube spin the tube is called ATP synthase why because it synthesizes what a PB okay what's osmosis education water moving across the membrane are we moving water approximately we're moving a chemical see me osmotic best where that word comes from in your PowerPoint okay we are putting up an osmotic gradient positive or negative but for chemicals not to water is it the spinning synthase modest that's not entertaining to glue them together right it has the power to create new eighties in the rock okay what was the original equation for cellular respiration c6h12o6 April right and how many oxygens sticks carbon dioxide one double it two three four government five six there's your state's carbon dioxide and how many waters do we make six there you're gonna find out that's what happens here you make six more that's where it comes from and what to do with ATP with the parentheses around it in parentheses yes because I'm not turning carbon dioxide into ATP I'm using the energy from glucose the to make ATP this is a byproduct okay in a nutshell let me play you real quickly where did this come from this is what is used up in your muscles you use ATP adenosine what try pricing and to expect energy we chopped off we chop off one of the peas right here's what your muscle said you JTP we send the two pieces back to the mitochondria so we can do what hook them back together again and start all that's why your textbook says ATP is like a battery and all we're doing is recharging we're not making new ATP you know how to make a new battery every time you plug it in to recharge it do you because keep recharging it now what if that battery eventually wears out in the first camp same thing here that eventually where it's not we have to make a new one but as of right now we use it over and over hundreds and hundreds of times this has the energy we extract the energy but chop it off the last piece Kumi thank