Overview
The lecture analyzes the current state of science and technology in the Philippines, highlighting educational and industrial challenges, low value-added manufacturing, and the need for policy changes to strengthen research and development.
Current State of Science and Technology
- The Philippines ranks near the bottom among ASEAN countries in science and math education.
- Most high schools lack science equipment; many students only simulate experiments on the board.
- Hands-on science learning is critical but often unavailable in both secondary and tertiary education.
- The country has limited scientific and technological capacity and is far from its potential.
Industrial and Economic Situation
- The Philippines' GDP has seen agriculture decline from 41% post-war to less than 10% today.
- 70% of the population works in agriculture, now sharing a much smaller part of the economy.
- Manufacturing has remained flat at around 23% of GDP since the 1950s, showing little industrial growth.
- Most products used in daily life are imported; few industries exist to produce basic goods domestically.
- The main export is electronics, but these have a high import component and minimal local value added.
- The economy relies heavily on services like call centers, rentals, and food services, which do not produce material goods.
Labor Force and Job Market
- 10-11% of the labor force works abroad due to a lack of domestic jobs.
- Youth unemployment is high, with over 50% of 18-24-year-olds struggling to find jobs.
- Higher education does not guarantee employment because the economy lacks the capacity to absorb graduates.
Science and Engineering Human Resources
- There are about 10,000 research scientists and engineers nationwide—roughly 1 for every 12,000 people.
- Brain drain is common, as many scientists and highly trained professionals seek work abroad.
- Lack of industry and research institutions limits opportunities for experts to stay in the country.
- Researcher density in the Philippines is far behind Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, and Vietnam.
Research, Development, and Policy Challenges
- Most industries have little or no research and development activity.
- Agricultural modernization and rural industrialization are lacking, leading to recurring import dependence.
- Research and technology are not well integrated into policy-making or industry practices.
- Funding alone is insufficient; systemic policy and educational reforms are needed.
Key Terms & Definitions
- GDP (Gross Domestic Product) — The total value of goods and services produced in a country.
- Value-added manufacturing — Industrial process that increases the value of raw materials by transforming them into finished products.
- Researcher density — The number of research scientists and engineers per population unit.
- Brain drain — The emigration of skilled professionals to other countries for better opportunities.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Advocate for better science education, especially hands-on laboratory experiences.
- Support policies promoting industrial growth and value-added manufacturing.
- Encourage retention and development of local scientists and engineers.
- Push for integration of research and development into both policy and industry strategies.