Interaction between Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

Overview

Respiratory System: Responsible for breathing.
Circulatory System: Facilitates blood circulation.
Collaboration: These systems work together to supply oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide.
Homeostasis: They maintain internal balance during different activities (e.g., exercise vs. rest).

Inhalation
- Air enters through the nose, which filters germs.
- Air passage includes: pharynx → larynx → trachea → bronchi → bronchioles → alveoli.
- Alveoli: Surrounded by capillaries; oxygen is transferred to the blood.
Oxygen Transport
- Oxygen-rich blood moves to the heart.
- Pathway: Pulmonary veins → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle.
- Blood is pumped through the aortic valve into the aorta (main artery).
- Distribution: Arteries deliver oxygenated blood to the body.
Cellular Use and Waste Production
- Cells utilize oxygen and nutrients.
- Waste products (carbon dioxide and water) are produced.
- Carbon dioxide enters capillaries and is exchanged for oxygen.
Deoxygenated Blood Return
- Carbon dioxide-rich blood returns to the heart via veins.
- Upper body blood enters via superior vena cava; lower body via inferior vena cava.
- Pathway: Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle.
Exhalation
- Blood is pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary artery.
- Lungs: Alveoli exchange carbon dioxide with the air.
- Carbon dioxide exits the body via bronchioles, bronchi, trachea, and is exhaled through the nose and mouth.

Inhalation: Oxygen intake through nasal passage to alveoli.
Circulation: Oxygen-rich blood moves from the left side of the heart to the body.
Exhalation: Waste carbon dioxide is expelled as blood circulates back to the lungs.
Result: Continuous cycle of oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal.

Understanding this collaboration is crucial for recognizing how the body maintains balance and responds to varying levels of physical activity.