Lecture Notes on Korea

Overview

• Korea is a peninsular region in East Asia consisting of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju Island, and smaller islands.
• Since 1945, Korea has been divided into North Korea (DPRK) and South Korea (ROK).
• Both countries proclaimed independence in 1948 and fought the Korean War from 1950-1953.
• Bordered by China, Russia, and Japan.

History

Prehistory

• Human habitation dates back to 40,000 BC.
• Gojoseon (2333 BC - 108 BC) was the first kingdom, later replaced by the Three Kingdoms of Korea.

Kingdoms and Dynasties

• Three Kingdoms (57 BC - 668 AD): Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla.
• Unified Silla: Silla unified the Korean Peninsula, later followed by the Balhae Kingdom.
• Goryeo Dynasty (918 - 1392): Known for cultural achievements and introduction of metal movable type.
• Joseon Dynasty (1392 - 1897): Marked by Confucianism, creation of Hangul, and the Imjin War.
• Korean Empire (1897 - 1910): Modernization efforts before the Japanese annexation.

Japanese Occupation (1910-1945)

• Korea under Japanese rule experienced industrialization and suppression of Korean culture.
• March First Movement in 1919 highlighted resistance.

Division and Conflict

• Korea was divided in 1945 due to Cold War politics.
• Korean War (1950-1953) ended without a peace treaty.

Modern Era

North Korea

• One-party state with a centrally planned economy.
• Known for its military-first policy and nuclear capabilities.

South Korea

• Developed country with a strong economy and pop culture influence (K-pop).
• Known for technological advancements and democratic governance.

Geography

• Peninsula surrounded by Sea of Japan, Yellow Sea, and Korea Strait.
• Notable features: Mount Paektu, Jeju Island.
• Four distinct seasons with a temperate climate.

Culture

Language

• Official language: Korean, written in Hangul.

Religion

• South Korea: Mix of Christianity, Buddhism, and Confucianism.
• North Korea: Suppression of religious practice.

Cuisine

• Known for kimchi, bulgogi, and spicy flavors.

Arts

• Traditional music, literature, and martial arts (Taekwondo).

Key Figures and References

• Leaders: Kim Jong Un (North) and South Korean government officials.
• Historical References: Use of Hanja, development of Hangul, Korean War, etc.

Additional Topics

• Impact of historical invasions and treaties on Korean culture and politics.
• Current geopolitical tensions and efforts for peace and reunification.