okay in chapter six we are going to look at the Six Theories of deviant so we have control theory durkheim's theory of deviant Merton's theory of De deviants cultural transmission Theory social disorganization Theory and labeling Theory so the first theory is control theory and what this Theory says that our connection to other members of society leads us to conform to society's Norms socialization develops our self-control so that we don't need further pressure to obey social norms and we are socialized to want to belong and fear being viewed as deviant right so what this Theory says is that our bonds to people in our lives our family or friends or peers induces us to follow the Norms of the of our society right so you know when you were in the store why did you pay for your items as opposed to just putting them in your pocket and walking out you know why do people follow the rules and it's because that we you know we don't want to disappoint our families we don't want to embarrass our families um and we're we're socialize from a very young age to follow the rules Mo most people most of the time so that it comes to the point where we just internalize it and we don't even uh think about it right um and despite media portrayals most people in society obey the basic Norms most of the time right we want to see ourselves as being loyal cooperative and responsible so control theory doesn't focus on why people are deviant it focuses on why most people most of the time follow the rules our second theory is durkheim's theory of deviance and durkheim's theory of deviance is broken down into two parts and the first part is how do we define deviant deviants how do we determine what is outside of the Norms or you know what is what is criminal and durkheim says that nothing is Criminal unless we decide it is right there is nothing inherently deviant or criminal in any act the key is how Society responds to this act so he says we must not say that an action shocks the common Consciousness because it's criminal but rather it is criminal because it shocks that Consciousness right nothing is criminal or worthy of condemnation unless we decide it is right so something like murder we think you know Murder taking a a person's life is uh just naturally wrong but however if you do it in self-defense then it could be excused if you do it in a time of War you can be uh rewarded for it so um so we look at um so we look at deviant it's society that deter determines what is right and what is wrong right there's no natural law defining what is right and what is wrong right the second part of his theory is that there are many functions to deviants and the first one is you know identifying AES as deviant helps us clarify our beliefs and values and brings us closer together right we need to see people being deviant in order to determine what is right and wrong secondly you know punishment draws people together against the offender right when someone is captured or or someone is sentenced or someone is executed right it brings people together it brings in a sense of community uh we see you know how social media is kind of is playing this thing out uh sanctions discourage violations and and increase Conformity if proper acts aren't sanctioned people are going to push the limits right if you know nobody was um you know if cops didn't Patrol the the highways and stop people for speeding people would speed all the time right if um if uh there was no uh repercussions for stealing people would steal all the time right so we need sanctions in place because otherwise people will push the limits and when we ourselves are sanctioned or we see somebody else sanctioned it tends to increase that Conformity uh and then deviance forces us to recognize the limits of our existing beliefs and practices and opens up new doors and leads to cultural Innovation right so sometimes we need people to be deviant in order to have social age right Rosa Parks her deviant act of not moving to the back of the bus we're looking at the beginning of the Civil Rights Movement we look at um you know anytime when we have social change it has to start with people being deviant first you know and testing the limits of of what's going on in our society so that's durkheim's Theory meron's theory of Devens is also known as strain theory and this views uh deviant as an adaptation of socially prescribed goals or the means of governing their attainment or both so it looks at what is the end goal of deviant Behavior Uh it says you know behavior that violates accepted social norms may be performed with the same basic objective as those who pursue more conventional Lifestyles right so we look at this who is this you know Walter White and season one Walter White not season for Walter White for any of you who watched uh the TV Show Breaking Bad right what is the same basic objective that Walter White had when he was a chemistry teacher and when he uh made crystal meth right the the end goal was to make money to be able to provide for his family and because of um his cancer and his inability to continue to provide for his family that's why he made the decision that he was going to make meth instead of uh just being a chemistry teacher but at the end of the day is the same basic objective right and this is what meron's theory looks at so say you know what do a bank robber and a teacher have in common at the end of the day they're just trying to get money and we look at you know us Society the US measures success by money so therefore people are going to adapt in certain situations in order to get this money right some people do it by you know going to school and getting jobs and getting careers and and getting money that way and then other people do it by robbing or selling drugs or or any other means um but at the end of the day we're looking at you know the same basic objectives you know a teenager who deals drugs or a teenager who works as a bus boy after school um you know and sometimes a disconnect can exist between society's goals and the means that people have to attain them which is why it's called strain theory when people are under strain they tend to uh you know commit deviant acts in order to um get to the same outcome uh the fourth theory is cultural transmission Theory and this says that individuals learn criminal Behavior by interacting with others right nobody is a natural born criminal right no one know is born knowing how to pick pockets or know how to to make and and sell drugs this is a learned behavior right so we you know if we look in comparison to control theory we look at how some how most people are conditioned to obey the basic rules some people are taught to disobey the rules and to engage in criminal Behavior right um so so we learn criminal Behavior we learn the behavior itself but we also learn the motives and the drives and the rationalizations everything thing that goes into this criminal behavior and it's a process and the process itself is called differential association and this is you know the process where once we're exposed to the attitudes that are favorable to the criminal acts this leads us to the violations so people are more likely to engage in Norm defying Behavior if they're a part of a group or a subculture that stresses these deviant values so we look at this process especially we look at Teenagers Who start to associate with a bad crowd you know first they just start interacting with others and then you know as they're learning the attitudes and and and um you know continue to interact the things seem less out of the ordinary seems less taboo and that's why people might teens especially you know might engage in behavior that they might not have otherwise if they were associating uh with a different group so it it's definitely um a very learned behavior some you know people teach their children from very young age how to um uh you know um steal or uh sell drugs or or things like that right so looking at this how it's it's it's a very learned behavior uh the fifth theory is called social disorganization Theory and this doesn't look at why you know people so much commit crimes it looks at you know what the what the situation is that contributes to higher crime rates um so it looks at neighborhoods and you know and it asked the question why is crime higher in some neighborhoods than others right um so it it attributes these increases in crimes and deviants to the absence or the breakdown of communal relationships and institutions and we talk about communal relationships and institutions we're talking about families schools churches so you know it looks at how when people are not connected to the community right when we don't have good schools that are teaching our children when we don't have you know healthy supportive intact families when we don't have religious organizations and Community organizations that are involved in these neighborhoods this is why we have higher crime rates right so you know it looks at how that the lack of these of these Community connections make it difficult to exert social control especially over children you know you know that old adage like it it takes a village to raise a child well when the village isn't there we could see how Behavior can uh escalate so it says you know without Community Supervision and controls playing outside becomes the opportunity for deviant older children are the ones that are influencing the Young children and crimes become a normal response to a local context right so we look at you know when we say neighborhood characteristics what exactly do we mean so when we see neighborhoods with high poverty rates high unemployment rates racial and ethnic heterogenity which means that lots of different races ethnicities living together High residential turnover meaning you know people are moving um moving in and out on a rotating basis so people are not you know placing their um um that's word I'm looking for you know they're they're anchors in the community people are constantly moving nobody knows each other and then we have this you know the big piece is these social institutions the family schools churches uh Community organizations when they're weak they're unable to regulate the behavior of the neighborhood's youth uh and the textbook talks about an a an experiment that Dr zardo uh engaged and where they abandoned a car um in two different neighborhoods and saw how it it played out which ties into the social disorganization Theory so take a look at that in your textbook uh and then our sixth theory is labeling Theory which is also called social reaction Theory and this Theory does not look at why people commit crimes it looks at how people view certain people who commit crimes right so so the emphasis is not on uh the people committing the acts the the emphasis on the Agents of social control so it explains why certain individuals are viewed as deviant While others who are engaged in the same exact Behavior are not so it emphasizes how a person comes to be labeled and you know over time may actually accept that label right so the textbook looks at the difference between the Saints and the rough necks when they were going out and committing these deviant acts and how the same Act was interpreted differently based on whether the kids were viewed as being Saints or as they were viewed as being rough necks um you know one of one of the other examples of this is racial profiling which is informally known as driving while black right looking at you know the same behavior that is treated differently and we look at the role of power and how people in power can shape uh what is continued to uh to be considered deviant um in um in this activity there's also a link to a 2020 video called what would you do and it looks again how people engaged in the same behavior are treated differently so take a look at that the at that um at that video and then we'll continue on with the chapter six assignment where you are asked to pair up the um these theories with um actual news stories and scenarios that um that these are they real life scenarios these are all um uh u news articles that we're using for this assignment