Overview
This documentary explores the history, craftsmanship, symbolism, and complex legacy of the British crown jewels, examining their cultural relevance, priceless value, and evolving significance to Britain and its former empire.
The Crown Jewels: Collection, Significance, and Value
- The crown jewels consist of over 23,000 diamonds, sapphires, and rubies collected over centuries.
- These objects are used for ceremonial state occasions, especially coronations, symbolizing the monarchy and national identity.
- The collection includes 13 crowns, each with unique designs and historical significance, such as Saint Edward's Crown and the Imperial State Crown.
- The jewels are considered priceless due to their historical and symbolic value, though individual stones like the Cullinan diamonds are worth millions.
Diamonds and the Cullinan Stones
- The Cullinan diamond, found in South Africa in 1905, is the largest gem-quality diamond ever discovered at over 3,100 carats.
- Master jewelers cut it into major stones—Cullinan One (Great Star of Africa) and Cullinan Two—now part of the sovereign's regalia.
- Diamond value is determined by the four Cs: carat, color, clarity, and cut.
- The cutting and placement of these stones add to the regalia's symbolic power.
Craftsmanship and Making of Crowns
- Replicas and restorations are based on historical documentation, using traditional handcrafting methods and tools.
- Making crowns involves intricate assembly and features elements designed to impress through size, color, and religious iconography.
Destruction and Restoration Following Civil War
- During England's Civil War (1642–1651), most crown jewels were destroyed under Cromwell to eliminate symbols of monarchy.
- Some pieces, like the coronation spoon, survived due to private efforts and were returned after the monarchy was restored.
- Remaining or returned jewels are sometimes linked to the pre-Cromwellian regalia by legend and physical characteristics.
Spiritual and Dynastic Significance
- Stones like St Edward's Sapphire and the Black Prince's Ruby connect monarchs to legendary kings and saints, reinforcing dynastic legitimacy.
- Coronations at Westminster Abbey and placement of regalia on royal tombs highlight these ties.
The Scottish Honours and Their Survival
- The Scottish crown jewels (the Honours) date to 1540 and represent Scotland's nationhood.
- Hidden during Cromwell’s campaign, they survived through the courage of ordinary people and were later recovered.
Evolution of the Collection
- The crown jewels have evolved, with new pieces added, such as the Prince of Wales's 1960s crown.
- Diamonds became especially prized in the 19th century, with stones from various sources, including those acquired after the French Revolution.
The Kohinoor Diamond: History and Controversy
- The Kohinoor has a storied past, passing through many empires before coming to Britain after the annexation of Punjab.
- Originally an Indian armlet, it was recut to match Western tastes, losing much of its original form.
- The diamond is seen as a symbol of colonial conquest, leading to calls for its return by several countries.
- Its presence in the crown jewels embodies both British identity and the legacy of empire.
Modern Relevance and Ongoing Legacy
- The collection continues to symbolize the continuity and complexity of British history.
- The jewels’ value lies in the stories and debates they generate, reflecting changing attitudes toward heritage and empire.
- Their history remains incomplete, encouraging ongoing exploration and reflection.