Overview
This lecture covers essential facts and definitions relevant to the Georgia State Board Cosmetology exam, focusing on anatomy, services, safety, nail and hair terminology, and disinfection protocols.
Skin, Nails, and Diseases
- Melanotic sarcoma, a skin cancer, begins with a mole.
- Indented vertical nail ridges caused by illness or injury are called furrows.
- When moisture is trapped between artificial and natural nails, bacterial infections may form.
- The nail root is attached at the base under the skin, inside the mantle.
- The nail bed is connected to the bone by ligaments.
- The subcutaneous layer cushions bones and shapes the body.
- Perionychium is the living tissue along nail plate sides.
- Healthy nails should be smooth, curved, pink, and free of ridges.
- Average adult nail growth rate is 1/8 inch per month.
Hair, Face Shapes, and Procedures
- The apex is the top of the head.
- Sodium hydroxide relaxers have a pH of 11.5-14.
- The croquignole method wraps hair from ends to scalp.
- The solid form haircut is shorter in the exterior, longer in the interior.
- Hair pressing is also called silking.
- Hair formed by protein chain bonding; spiraling configuration forms hair protein.
- Alopecia areata causes sudden patchy hair loss.
- Hair elasticity loss or split ends can result from excessive blow drying.
Anatomy & Physiology
- The masseter closes the jaw; deltoid lifts or turns the arm.
- The common carotid artery supplies blood to face, neck, and head.
- The submental artery supplies chin and lower lip.
- Lymph nodes filter foreign particles; lymph is a byproduct of plasma nourishing cells.
- The point where bones meet is called a joint.
- Abductor digiti minimi moves the big toe away from others.
Safety, Sanitation & Disinfection
- Sterilization standards require liquid sterilant/moist or dry heat.
- Metal tools and non-porous items must be disinfected after each use.
- Bleach must contain chlorine to be effective.
- Disinfect multi-use supplies after hair design procedures.
- Store tools in a dry closed container before disinfection.
- Disinfection is destroying certain microbes on nonporous surfaces.
- Virucidals are disinfectants that kill viruses.
Procedures, Tools & Techniques
- French polish is a nail polish technique for a natural effect.
- Comb detangles and styles wigs or hairpieces.
- Point of origin in hair design is where motion begins.
- Backcombing creates height and form control.
- Tweezing is used for small-area hair removal.
Miscellaneous Concepts
- Water molecule = 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom.
- One kilowatt = 1,000 watts.
- Protons have a positive charge.
- Insulators do not allow electrical current through.
- Dimethicones are silicones that soften hair.
- Warm colors include yellow, orange, and red.
Key Terms & Definitions
- Furrows — Vertical nail lines caused by illness/injury.
- Melanotic Sarcoma — Skin cancer beginning with a mole.
- Perionychium — Living tissue beside the nail plate.
- Apex — Topmost part of the head.
- Disinfection — Destroying/killing some microbes on surfaces.
- Virucidals — Disinfectants that kill viruses.
- Lymph nodes — Structures filtering foreign particles from lymph.
- Form — Three-dimensional shape in design.
- Backcombing — Technique to create height and cushion at hair base.
- Dimethicones — Silicone-based conditioners for softness.
Action Items / Next Steps
- Review disinfection and sanitation protocols for the exam.
- Memorize anatomy terms and face shapes.
- Practice identifying hair and nail disorders.
- Study product ingredients and effects on hair/nails.
- Complete practice questions on safety procedures.